SIPRI Report on Nuclear Arsenal

Introduction to the SIPRI Report

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) recently released a significant report. This report highlighted the growing risks and instability linked to the ongoing modernisation and expansion of nuclear arsenals globally.

Key Highlights: Global Nuclear Warheads

The report underscores a concerning trend: all nine nuclear-armed states are actively modernising their arsenals. These states include the USA, Russia, UK, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel.

• The total global inventory of nuclear warheads was approximately 12,121 as of January 2024.
• Around 9,585 of these warheads were held in military stockpiles.
• Approximately 2,100 warheads were maintained on high operational alert. This alert status is primarily by Russia and the USA.
• For the first time, China may also have some warheads on high alert, a significant development.

Country-Specific Developments

The report provides specific insights into the nuclear activities of individual states, showcasing varied approaches to nuclear capabilities.

• Russia and USA: These two nations collectively possess nearly 90% of all nuclear weapons worldwide, maintaining their dominant positions.
• China: China has demonstrated a rapid increase in its nuclear arsenal. It grew from 410 to 500 warheads by January 2024. China is expanding its nuclear arsenal faster than any other country.
• North Korea: This nation is estimated to have approximately 50 warheads. It also possesses enough fissile material for up to 90 warheads.
• Israel: Israel is reportedly modernising its arsenal. It is also enhancing its plutonium production capabilities, though its nuclear status is not officially acknowledged.

Challenges in Nuclear Diplomacy

The global geopolitical landscape has significantly impacted nuclear arms control. The report notes considerable setbacks in nuclear arms control and disarmament diplomacy.

These challenges are particularly exacerbated by ongoing conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine and the Gaza conflict. Such conflicts divert attention and resources from disarmament efforts.