Ganga
Ganges
Bhagirathi
Padma
गंगा
Devprayag (Bhagirathi + Alaknanda form Ganga)
Bay of Bengal / western Sundarbans delta
Alaknanda
Damodar
Gandak
Ghaghara
Gomti
Hooghly
Karmanasa
Kosi
Mahananda
Punpun
Ramganga
Son
Tamsa
Yamuna
Becomes Ganga at: Devprayag (Bhagirathi + Alaknanda)
Basin Area: 9,51,600 sq km (Largest in India)
Delta: Sundarbans (World's largest delta - with Brahmaputra)
Longest River entirely in India Ganga (2,525 km)
Where do Alaknanda and Bhagirathi meet to form Ganga?
Severe ecological damage by illegal sand mining - UP/Bihar?
Which river does NOT originate in Peninsular Plateau - Godavari, Ganga, Krishna, Cauvery?
Ganga Plain extends between Ghaggar and?
Vishnuprayag, Nandaprayag, Karnaprayag, Rudraprayag, Devprayag (Panch Prayag descending order)
OpenStreetMap (Overpass API)
Wikidata
Vaidra UPSC PDF — Indian Geography (Rivers chapter)
pdfLineRange referenced per river
Educational Ganga trunk curve: visually starts at Devprayag where Bhagirathi and Alaknanda form the Ganga, then follows the middle Ganga plain, Farakka, and Hooghly/western Sundarbans delta. Bhagirathi separately carries the Gaumukh/Gangotri source branch, avoiding duplicate headwater lines.

Bhagirathi
भागीरथी नदी
Ganga
Gaumukh / Gangotri Glacier
Devprayag confluence
Bhilangna
Asi Ganga
Jadh Ganga
Kedar Ganga
Becomes Ganga at Devprayag after meeting Alaknanda
Tehri Dam built on Bhagirathi - India's highest dam
River from Gangotri Glacier near Gaumukh (3900m)?
OpenStreetMap (Overpass API)
Vaidra UPSC PDF — Indian Geography (Rivers chapter)
pdfLineRange referenced per river
Bhagirathi River
Vaidra editorial river-bank curation
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; unambiguous page title.
Bhagirathi displayed as the upper Himalayan source branch joining Alaknanda at Devprayag.

Alaknanda
अलकनन्दा नदी
Ganga
Satopanth / Bhagirath Kharak glaciers
Devprayag confluence
Dhauliganga
Mandakini
Nandakini
Pindar
NOT from: Zemu, Milam (Kali), Gangotri (Bhagirathi) glacier
Receives Dhauliganga, Nandakini, Pindar → Devprayag
OpenStreetMap (Overpass API)
Wikidata
Vaidra UPSC PDF — Indian Geography (Rivers chapter)
pdfLineRange referenced per river
Alaknanda River
Vaidra editorial river-bank curation
Targeted web result: Alaknanda page/source reports 195 km; chosen over conflicting Wikidata 190 km.
Alaknanda shown as a clean Himalayan branch from the Badrinath/Satopanth side through the Panch Prayag corridor to Devprayag. Control points are ordered downstream to avoid the source-side hook that confused the visual with Bhagirathi.

Dhauliganga
धौलीगंगा नदी
Alaknanda
Vicinity of the Niti Pass (Garhwal–Tibet border)
Joins Alaknanda at Vishnuprayag
Rishiganga
Joins Alaknanda at Vishnuprayag (12 km to Badrinath)
Source: Vicinity of the Niti Pass (Garhwal–Tibet border)
Dhauliganga River
Vaidra editorial river-bank curation
Targeted web result: Dhauliganga page reports 82 km.
Auto educational atlas curve: source-to-mouth/confluence continuity and readable drainage hierarchy are prioritized over exact meanders.

Nandakini
नंदाकिनी नदी
Western edge of Nanda Ghunti peak
Joins Alaknanda at Nandaprayag
Named after King Nanda; 70 km from Vishnuprayag
Source: Western edge of Nanda Ghunti peak
Wikidata
Auto educational atlas curve: source-to-mouth/confluence continuity and readable drainage hierarchy are prioritized over exact meanders.

Pindar
पिंडर नदी
Pindari Glacier
Joins Alaknanda at Karnaprayag
Kali Ganga (Pindar)
Pindar River
Targeted web result: Pindar page/source reports 105 km; chosen over conflicting Wikidata 120 km.
Auto educational atlas curve: source-to-mouth/confluence continuity and readable drainage hierarchy are prioritized over exact meanders.

Mandakini
मन्दाकिनी नदी
Chorabari Glacier, Kedarnath
Joins Alaknanda at Rudraprayag

Ramganga
रामगंगा नदी
Garhwal hills near Gairsain (Doodhatoli Range, Chamoli)
Joins Ganga near Kannauj
Dhela
Gagan
Gagas
Khoh
Koshi (Ramganga)
Ramganga originates in which Uttarakhand district from Doodhatoli?
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; unambiguous Ganga tributary page.

Gomti
गोमती नदी
Gomat Taal
Joins Ganga at Ghazipur
Kathina
Sai
Sarayan
Gomti River
Targeted web results commonly report Gomti length 900 km; chosen over conflicting 960 km extraction.

Ghaghara
Karnali
Kaurial
घाघरा
Mapchachungo Glacier / Tibetan Himalaya
Joins Ganga near Chhapra
Rapti
Sharda
Beri
Chhoti Gandak
Seti
Tila
Forms deep gorge at: Shishapani before entering plains
Tributaries: Sharda (Kali), Rapti, Saryu, Chhoti Gandak
Ghaghara originates from Mapchachungo glacier, forms deep gorge at Shishapani, joins Ganga at Allahabad after receiving Sarda - All 1, 2, 3 are correct
Ghaghara River
Targeted web results report Ghaghara/Karnali length 1,080 km; chosen as full river course figure.
Ghaghara/Karnali shown descending from Himalaya into the middle Ganga plain and joining near Chhapra.

Sharda
Kali
काली नदी
Ghaghara
Kalapani, Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand)
Ghaghara River, Uttar Pradesh
Saryu
Dhauli
Gori Ganga
Kuthi
Ladhiya
Sarju
Gori Ganga source: Milam Glacier (tributary of Kali)
Gori Ganga source glacier (tributary of Kali)?
Sharda River
Wikidata P2043 candidate matches existing river QID.

Rapti
बाँसी
Rukum–Rolpa district border, Nepal
Ghaghara River
Ami
Rohini
West Rapti River
Dataset Rapti source/mouth correspond to West Rapti tributary of Ghaghara; targeted web result reports 600 km.

Saryu
सरयू
Sarmul, south of Nanda Kot
Sharda River
Wikipedia — Sarju
Gomati (Sarayu)
Lahor
Panar
Ramganga (East)
Sharda

Gandak
Narayani
गंडक
Nepal Himalayas
Joins Ganga near Sonepur/Patna
Trishuli
East Rapti
Gandaki River — Wikipedia (source + mouth coordinates)
Source = Nhubine Himal Glacier, Mustang District, Nepal, 29°17'19"N 83°52'39"E = [83.87750,29.28861] at 6268m. Mouth = Ganges confluence at Sonpur, 25.65250°N 85.18444°E. Brief originCoord [84.42198,27.74127] was mid-course near Valmikinagar (India-Nepal border) — corrected to glacier headwater.
Gandak River / Gandaki River
Targeted web result reports Gandak length 630 km; common Gandak/Gandaki/Narayani figure.
Gandak fixes previous source/mouth display drift by using a clean Nepal-to-Sonepur educational path.

Kosi
Saptakoshi
कोसी
Tibet / eastern Nepal Himalaya
Joins Ganga near Kursela
Arun
Bagmati
Dudh Koshi
Bhote Koshi
Likhu Khola
Sun Kosi
Tamakoshi
Tamur
Antecedent river; originates N of Mt. Everest (Arun main)
Which river is known as sorrow of Bihar - Mahi, Betwa, Son, Kosi?
Antecedent river north of Mt. Everest, Arun main stream?
pre-jumps=2, kept-lines=1, dropped-vertices=1038, threshold-deg=0.0500, median-step-deg=7.09e-4
OpenStreetMap relation r5702599 — Kosi
way-ordered assembly 2026-06-12
Kosi River
Wikidata P2043 candidate matches existing river QID.
Kosi fixes prior display drift and shows the Himalayan-to-Kursela fan in a learner-readable way.

Arun
अरुन ऱिवेर्
Kosi
North of Mt. Everest, Tibet
Sun Kosi
Barun
Sabha
OpenStreetMap relation r7096003 — Arun
Arun River (Nepal/Tibet)
Targeted web result reports Arun/Kosi headwater length 507 km.

Mahananda
महानंदा नदी
Darjeeling hills
Joins in West Bengal
Balason
Kankai
Mechi
Punarbhaba
NOT a Brahmaputra tributary (often confused)
OpenStreetMap relation r12559162 — Mahananda
pre-jumps=3, kept-lines=1, dropped-vertices=177, threshold-deg=0.0719, median-step-deg=2.40e-3
Mahananda River
Targeted web result: Mahananda page reports total length 360 km.

Yamuna
यमुना
Yamunotri Glacier, Bandarpoonch Peak
Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj
Betwa
Chambal
Hindon
Ken
Sindh
Giri
Tons (Yamuna)
Length: 1,376 km (Longest tributary of Ganga)
Joins at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj (with mythical Saraswati)
Chambal, Hindon, Tons are tributaries of?
River flowing north of Tropic of Cancer?
Vaidra v2 baseline (rivers.v2.geojson)
fallback geometry when OSM/Wikidata unavailable
Yamuna curve emphasizes Yamunotri, Delhi, Agra, Chambal join near Etawah, and Triveni Sangam.

Chambal
चम्बल नदी
Yamuna
Vindhya Range
Joins Yamuna near Etawah
Banas
Kali Sindh
Shipra
Parbati
Kuno
Largest Ravines Area Uttar Pradesh (Chambal ravines)
OpenStreetMap relation r8385364 — Chambal
Chambal River
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; unambiguous page title.
Chambal shown from Vindhyan uplands through Kota/Dholpur belt to Yamuna near Etawah.

Betwa
बेतवा नदी
Vindhya Range north of Hoshangabad (near Obedullaganj)
Joins Yamuna
Dhasan
Halali
Jamni
Source: Vindhya Range north of Hoshangabad (near Obedullaganj)
Passes through: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
OpenStreetMap relation r6100712 — Betwa
pre-jumps=10, kept-lines=1, dropped-vertices=1645, threshold-deg=0.0500, median-step-deg=1.54e-3
Betwa River
Targeted web result: Betwa page reports 590 km.

Ken
केन नदी
Kaimur Range
Joins Yamuna
Bawan
Sunar
Passes through: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
Ken River flows through Madhya Pradesh and which other state?
OpenStreetMap relation r13462114 — Ken
Ken River
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; unambiguous page title.

Tamsa
Tons
टोन्स नदी
Kaimur Range (Tamakund)
Ganga near Sirsa
Beehar
Belan
Mahana
Passes through: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
OpenStreetMap relation r13412125 — Tons
Tamsa River

Hindon
हिण्डन नदी
Rajaji Range, Sivalik Hills, Saharanpur
Kali Nadi West (Hindon)
Krishni
Source: Rajaji Range, Sivalik Hills, Saharanpur
Passes through: Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana
OpenStreetMap relation r10303405 — Hindon
way-ordered assembly 2026-06-12
Hindon River
Wikidata P2043 and English Wikipedia infobox agree.

Sindh
सिंद
Malwa Plateau near Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh)
Yamuna near Etawah (Uttar Pradesh)
Kunwari
Mahuar
Pahuj
Parbati (Sindh)
Tributary of Yamuna (river of Malwa region)
Source: Malwa Plateau near Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh)
Confluence: Yamuna near Etawah (Uttar Pradesh)
OpenStreetMap relation r7540701 — Sindh
way-ordered assembly 2026-06-12
Sindh River
Wikidata P2043 and English Wikipedia infobox agree.

Banas
बनास नदी
Chambal
Khamnor Hills, Aravalli Range near Kumbhalgarh (Rajsamand, Rajasthan)
Flows to Chambal
Berach
Dai
Khari
Kothari
Menali
Morel
Which river has source in Western Ghats range of Karnataka - Kosi, Banas, Kaveri, Sarayu?
Kaveri (Banas also from W.Ghats Karnataka)
Which river originates in Rajasthan - Mahi, Narmada, Tapi, Banas?
OpenStreetMap relation r11109440 — Banas
Banas River
Targeted web result: Banas page reports approximately 512 km; corroborated by CGWB/Rajasthan material.

Son
सोन
Amarkantak Plateau
Joins Ganga near Patna
Gopad
Kanhar
North Koel
Rihand
Originates from Amarkantak Plateau (radial drainage)
Narmada (West), Son (North - joins Ganga), Mahanadi (East) - RADIAL DRAINAGE PATTERN from Amarkantak
Vaidra v2 baseline (rivers.v2.geojson)
fallback geometry when OSM/Wikidata unavailable
Sone River
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; common spelling variant Sone/Son.
Son curve anchors Amarkantak to the Ganga near Patna.

Rihand
रिहन्द नदी
Son
Matiranga hills, Surguja district
Son River
Gagar
Geur
Mahan
Morana
OpenStreetMap relation r12559165 — Rihand
Rihand River
Targeted web result: Rihand page reports 160 km.

North Koel
उत्तरी कोयल नदी
Chulha Pani, Lohardaga district
Son River
Amanat
Auranga
Burha
OpenStreetMap waterway=river ways — North Koel
North Koel River

Punpun
पुनपुन
Chota Nagpur / south Bihar uplands
Joins Ganga near Fatuha/Patna
Butane
Madar
Mohar
Source: Chota Nagpur / south Bihar uplands
OpenStreetMap waterway=river ways — Punpun
Punpun River
Punpun manually curated as a short south-Bihar tributary joining the Ganga east of Patna; kept east of Son to avoid a false crossing.

Damodar
दामोदर
Chota Nagpur Plateau
Hooghly distributary of Ganga
Barakar
Jamunia
Konar
Sali
Creates RIFT VALLEY (W to E) through Chotanagpur
Damodar Valley Project - multipurpose river valley project
Which is a multipurpose river valley project?
Vaidra v2 baseline (rivers.v2.geojson)
fallback geometry when OSM/Wikidata unavailable
Damodar River
Damodar is displayed through the Chota Nagpur coal-belt and lower Hooghly connection.

Hooghly
हुगली नदी
Distributary of Ganga
Bay of Bengal
Rupnarayan
Ajay
Bansloi
Churni
Dwarka
Haldi
Jalangi
Kangsabati
Mayurakshi
Rasulpur
Hooghly tributaries: Mayurakshi, Damodar, Kangsabati, Rupnarayan?
OpenStreetMap waterway=river ways — Hooghly
Hooghly River
English Wikipedia infobox candidate; unambiguous distributary page title.

Rupnarayan
रूपनारायण नदी
Hooghly
Purulia, West Bengal
Hooghly River
Dwarakeswar
Shilabati
OpenStreetMap waterway=river ways — Rupnarayan
Rupnarayan River
Targeted web result: Rupnarayan page reports 80 km.

Karmanasa
कर्मनाशा
Kaimur District
Ganges
Chandraprabha
Durgavati
Karunuti
OpenStreetMap relation r11645413 — Karmanasa
Karmanasa River

Kshipra
Shipra
क्षिप्रा नदी
Kakri Bardi Hills, Indore
Chambal River at Ekalgarh
Khan
"Sapta Sindhu" (Land of Seven Rivers) - which was NOT part - Indus, Shipra, Ravi, Jhelum?
Shipra River — Wikipedia (source description)
Source = Kakri Bardi Hills, 'rises in eastern part of Indore district'. Brief coord [76.04984,22.80636] sits ~25km SE of Indore city in the Vindhyan source region — consistent with Wikipedia description. Retained.
Testbook: Shipra River Origin and Significance (cross-reference)
Confirms source = Kakri-Tekdi hill in Dhar district, ~11km from Ujjain.
Kshipra River

Bhilangna
Bhilangna source
Confluence with Bhagirathi
Vaidra Geography Lab river curation
Vaidra curated UPSC educational atlas pipeline
Bhilangna River
Targeted web result reports Bhilangna length 65 km.
भीलांगना
Bhagirathi

Trishuli
Trishuli source
Confluence with Gandak
Vaidra Geography Lab river curation
Vaidra curated UPSC educational atlas pipeline
Trishuli River
Targeted web result reports Trishuli length 206 km.
त्रिशूली नदी
Gandak

Dudh Koshi
Dudh Koshi source
Confluence with Kosi
Vaidra Geography Lab river curation
Vaidra curated UPSC educational atlas pipeline
Targeted web result reports Dudh Koshi length 90 km.
दुध कोशी

Bagmati
Bagmati source
Confluence with Kosi
Bagmati River Basin Improvement Project / Nepal Planning
Targeted web result reports Bagmati river length 586.3 km.
बागमती

Parbati
Parbati source
Confluence with Chambal
Parbati River (Madhya Pradesh)
Targeted web result reports Parbati length 436 km.
पर्बती

Kali Sindh
Kali Sindh source
Confluence with Chambal
Kali Sindh River
काली सिन्ध नदी

Kanhar
Kanhar source
Confluence with Son
Kanhar River
Targeted web result reports Kanhar length 403 km.
कन्हार नदी

Gopad
Gopad source
Confluence with Son
Gopad River — Wikipedia
Sonhat town coords (Koriya district, Chhattisgarh) — IndiaMapia gazetteer
Passes through: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
Gopad River
Targeted web result reports Gopad length about 250 km.
गोपद नदी

Barakar
Barakar source
Confluence with Damodar
Barakar River
बराकर नदी
Damodar