1Medium20 marks
What do you mean by hybrid seed production ? Describe the different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production.
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74 questions from the UPSC 2018 examination.
74 questions
What do you mean by hybrid seed production ? Describe the different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production.
(a) Define auxins and explain their role in crop life cycles. Also, discuss the uses of auxins in agriculture. 20 marks (b) Discuss the effects of water stress on plant growth and development. Describe plant borne mechanisms to escape from drought and stress situation. 15 marks (c) What do you understand by seed dormancy? Discuss the reasons for seed dormancy. Also, describe the various methods for breaking seed dormancy. 15 marks
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) What are the different methods of diagnosis of mineral nutrient deficiency? Describe the role and deficiency symptoms of zinc in rice and sulphur in oilseed crops. 10 marks (b) Explain C3, C4 and CAM mechanism in plants and their importance in changing climatic conditions. 10 marks (c) Enlist factors affecting the post-harvest life of flowers. How can it be controlled by growth regulators? 10 marks (d) Describe symptoms and management of leaf curl and mosaic diseases in tomato. 10 marks (e) Give a brief account of food security in India before and after the green revolution. Suggest sustainable solutions to strengthen food security in the country. 10 marks
Describe the types and benefits of non-conventional forestry systems. Slate the characteristics of suitable tree species for non-conventional forestry.
Describe symptoms and management of leaf curl and mosaic diseases in tomato.
Enlist Mendel's different laws. Describe in detail about the law of segregation with suitable examples.
Give a brief account of food security in India before and after the green revolution. Suggest sustainable solutions to strengthen food security in the country.
What changes occur in rice puddled soil? Describe the fate of nitrogen and practices for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in such soils.
What are the different sources of soil and water pollutions? Describe the impact of soil and water pollution on crop productivity and environment.
Describe the post-harvest management and value-added products of black pepper.
Role of hybrids/high yielding varieties to meet national goal of food security
Differentiate between aneuploid, euploid and polyploid. Explain in detail the applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement.
Give justification that "DNA fingerprinting is a vital tool for identification of the cultivars".
Enlist factors affecting the post-harvest life of flowers. How can it be controlled by growth regulators ?
List out the approaches for scheduling of irrigation.
Explain C3, C4 and CAM mechanism in plants and their importance in changing climatic conditions.
Enlist different vegetative propagation methods for fruit plants. Describe the different layering techniques employed for fruit plant propagation.
Role of organic farming for sustainability and profitability
What are the advances in chemical weed management?
(a) What do you mean by hybrid seed production? Describe the different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production. 20 marks (b) What do you understand by chromosomal aberration? Discuss in brief, the major types of chromosomal aberrations. 15 marks (c) Enlist Mendel's different laws. Describe in detail about the law of segregation with suitable examples. 15 marks
Innovations in biological weed management
(a) What is status of oilseed production and constraints of their production in India? Describe the strategies for attaining self-sufficiency in oilseed production. 20 marks (b) What are the characteristics of a good farm plan? What techniques will you adopt to solve the farm management problems? 10 marks (c) What is Front Line Demonstration (FLD)? How does it help in boosting the production and productivity of crops? 10 marks (d) What are the advances in chemical weed management? 10 marks
Explain the factors affecting soil organic matter content. Describe the techniques to increase soil organic matter.
What is role of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and Self Help Groups in technology dissemination for agricultural development?
What are the different methods of diagnosis of mineral nutrient deficiency ? Describe the role and deficiency symptoms of zinc in rice and sulphur in oilseed crops.
Global warming and its impact on crop productivity
Define auxins and explain their role in crop life cycles. Also, discuss the uses of auxins in agriculture.
What do you mean by heterosis ? Describe the physiological bases of heterosis.
Describe the following in about 150 words each: (a) Innovations in biological weed management. 10 marks (b) Role of forestry in carbon sequestration. 10 marks (c) Problems and reclamation of saline and sodic soils. 10 marks (d) Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) in agricultural extension. 10 marks (e) Role of organic farming for sustainability and profitability. 10 marks
What is Front Line Demonstration (FLD)? How does it help in boosting the production and productivity of crops?
(a) Enumerate the various types of seeds. Give a stepwise account of techniques associated with seed production. 20 marks (b) What do you mean by self-incompatibility? Discuss ways and means to overcome self-incompatibility. 15 marks (c) Define Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). Discuss IPRs relevance to agriculture. 15 marks
Discuss the utility of Remote Sensing in context of Indian Agriculture.
(a) Describe the comparative package of practices for direct seeded aerobic rice and S.R.I. 20 marks (b) What are the mandates of Krishi Vigyan Kendras? How KVKs are helping in dissemination of agricultural technologies and upliftment of socio-economic conditions of farmers? 20 marks (c) Discuss the utility of Remote Sensing in context of Indian Agriculture. 10 marks
What do you mean by Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) ? Describe the different soil moisture constants.
Precise water saving irrigation practices to enhance water use efficiency
What are the characteristics of a good farm plan? What techniques will you adopt to solve the farm management problems?
Define mass selection. Explain its applications in self-pollinated crops.
What do you mean by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ? Discuss the constraints in successful implementation of IPM.
What do you mean by self-incompatibility ? Discuss ways and means to overcome self-incompatibility.
(a) What changes occur in rice puddled soil? Describe the fate of nitrogen and practices for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in such soils. 20 marks (b) Describe the types and benefits of non-conventional forestry systems. State the characteristics of suitable tree species for non-conventional forestry. 20 marks (c) What is the phenomenon of herbicide resistance in weeds? Discuss the factors responsible for development of herbicide resistance. 10 marks
Discuss the kinds of bio-fertilizers and their application methods Give the reasons for their limited acceptance among the Indian farmers.
(a) What do you mean by Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? Discuss the constraints in successful implementation of IPM. 20 marks (b) Describe the importance of micronutrients in human health, justify with suitable examples. 15 marks (c) What do you understand by e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)? Discuss the prospects and constraints of e-NAM in the context of Indian farmers. 15 marks
Describe the comparative package of practices for direct seeded aerobic rice and S.R.I.
Problems and reclamation of saline and sodic soils
Role of forestry in carbon sequestration
Discuss the crop insurance and its implications. Narrate the government initiatives taken for crop insurance.
(a) Discuss the importance and method of water harvesting under different agro-ecosystems. 20 marks (b) Explain the factors affecting soil organic matter content. Describe the techniques to increase soil organic matter. 20 marks (c) What is role of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and Self Help Groups in technology dissemination for agricultural development? 10 marks
Explain the principles of conservation agriculture. Describe the practices and impact of conservation agriculture in Indian scenario.
What do you understand by e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) ? Discuss the prospects and constraints of e-NAM in the context of Indian farmers.
Define Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). Discuss IPRs' relevance to agriculture.
Describe the importance of micro-nutrients in human health. Justify with suitable examples.
Elaborate the strategies for doubling the farmers' income by 2022.
What do you understand by chromosomal aberration ? Discuss in brief, the major types of chromosomal aberrations.
What is status of oilseed production and constraints of their production in India? Describe the strategies for attaining self-sufficiency in oilseed production.
What is the phenomenon of herbicide resistance in weeds? Discuss the factors responsible for development of herbicide resistance.
Enumerate the various types of seeds. Give a stepwise account of techniques associated with seed production.
(a) What are the different sources of soil and water pollutions? Describe the impact of soil and water pollution on crop productivity and environment. 20 marks (b) Discuss the kinds of bio-fertilizers and their application methods. Give the reasons for their limited acceptance among the Indian farmers. 20 marks (c) Discuss the crop insurance and its implications. Narrate the government initiatives taken for crop insurance. 10 marks
Define enzyme. Give a note on the factors affecting the rate of enzymic activities in plants.
Give package of cultivation of pomegranate with reference to planting materials and methods, irrigation, nutrition, plant protection and post-harvest management.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) What is protoplasm? Briefly discuss its chemical composition and physical properties. 10 marks (b) Define mass selection. Explain its applications in self-pollinated crops. 10 marks (c) What do you mean by heterosis? Describe the physiological bases of heterosis. 10 marks (d) Explain seed enhancement with its merits. Describe in brief about the various practices used for seed enhancement. 10 marks (e) Define enzyme. Give a note on the factors affecting the rate of enzymic activities in plants. 10 marks
Discuss the importance and method of water harvesting under different agro-ecosystems.
Initiatives for improving agricultural marketing in India
Explain seed enhancement with its merits. Describe in brief about the various practices used for seed enhancement.
Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) in agricultural extension
(a) Explain the principles of conservation agriculture. Describe the practices and impact of conservation agriculture in Indian scenario. 20 marks (b) List out the approaches for scheduling of irrigation. 10 marks (c) It is proposed to test the relative efficiency of scheduling irrigation to groundnut at 25%, 50% and 75% depletion of available soil moisture. Field capacity of soil in the effective root zone depth of 60 cm is 16% with a permanent wilting point of 6%. At what respective soil moisture contents, irrigations are to be scheduled with three irrigations? 10 marks (d) Elaborate the strategies for doubling the farmers' income by 2022. 10 marks
Contingency planning in dryland/rainfed agriculture
What are the mandates of Krishi Vigyan Kendras? How KVKs are helping in dissemination of agricultural technologies and upliftment of socio-economic conditions of farmers?
What do you understand by seed dormancy ? Discuss the reasons for seed dormancy. Also, describe the various methods for breaking seed dormancy.
(a) Give package of cultivation of pomegranate with reference to planting materials and methods, irrigation, nutrition, plant protection and post-harvest management. 20 marks (b) Enlist different vegetative propagation methods for fruit plants. Describe the different layering techniques employed for fruit plant propagation. 15 marks (c) Describe the post-harvest management and value-added products of black pepper. 15 marks
Describe the following in about 150 words each: (a) Global warming and its impact on crop productivity. 10 marks (b) Contingency planning in dry land rain fed agriculture. 10 marks (c) Role of hybrids/high yielding varieties to meet national goal of food security. 10 marks (d) Precise water saving irrigation practices to enhance water use efficiency. 10 marks (e) Initiatives for improving agricultural marketing in India. 10 marks
Discuss the effects of water stress on plant growth and development. Describe plant borne mechanisms to escape from drought and stress situations.
It is proposed to test the relative efficiency of scheduling irrigation to groundnut at 25%, 50% and 75% depletion of available soil moisture. Field capacity of soil in the effective root zone depth of 60 cm is 16% with a permanent wilting point of 6%. At what respective soil moisture contents, irrigations are to be scheduled with three irrigations?
(a) Differentiate between aneuploid, euploid and polyploid. Explain in detail the applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement. 20 marks (b) Give justification that 'DNA fingerprinting is a vital tool for identification of the cultivars'. 15 marks (c) What do you mean by Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC)? Describe the different soil moisture constants. 15 marks
What is protoplasm ? Briefly discuss its chemical composition and physical properties.