Botany UPSC PYQ 2019

Describe sequentially the steps of T-DNA transfer process from Agrobacterium cell to plant nuclear genome. Write a brief note on achievements of 'gene transfer technology' in crop improvement.

Define herbarium and give methods of its preparation and also mention the names of five major herbaria.

What are the different stages of micropropagation? Mention its advantages.

How is Embryology useful in Taxonomy?

Name at least two plants known to be 'plant indicators' and explain their importance in relation to soil quality evaluation.

Highlight the main features of Vavilov's centres of origin of crop plants.

Explain the role of transcription factors associated with transcription initiation, elongation and termination. How does Histone modification regulate chromatin accessibility?

(i) Explain and justify with examples that recycling plays an important role in solid waste management. (ii) "In the present scenario, Global Warming and Climate Change are amongst the greatest threats for human society." Justify the statement with examples.

Hydrocarbon yielding energy crops and advantages of biodiesel.

Illustrate with example the importance of energy transfer and energy conservation for plant growth and development.

Discuss the concept and dynamics of a plant community. Illustrate with suitable examples.

(i) Restriction endonuclease (ii) Role of glyoxysomes in conversion of fats into simpler molecules (iii) Name specific physiological responses on the basis of which IAA, GA3 and Kinetin can be identified.

What are the molecular basis and possible manipulations which may help fruit ripening?

Explain the mechanism of cell signalling and the role of cell receptors in regulating this process.

Steps in the production of somatic hybrids and their advantages.

Dark brown seed coat colour in Phaseolus is dominant over light brown colour. The following progenies were produced from the parents with known phenotypes but unknown genotypes in different experiments : Parents and Progenies table. Mention the genotype of each parent in five experiments by using the letter B for dark brown and b for light brown.

Illustrate the difference between C4 and CAM pathways, giving suitable examples. Write a brief note on their importance.

How does silencing of the genes occur in eukaryotic genome and what are the implications of gene silencing?

Write explanatory notes on the following : (i) Polygenic Inheritance (ii) Sex-linked Inheritance

State the applications of Microbiology in Agriculture.

Discuss two DNA sequencing methods with suitable illustrations. Name two fully sequenced eukaryotic genomes with their sizes.

What are the identifying characters, floral diagram and floral formula of Verbenaceae and Liliaceae?

Describe the cellular structure and functions of Ribosome and Peroxisome.

Explain with example the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and its global relevance with emphasis on Indian scenario.

Explain, with required diagrams, the chemical structure and function of primary cell wall and plasma membrane.

How many types of embryo-sacs are known among angiosperms? Describe their formation. Give one example for each.

Citing example, discuss briefly the process of cytoplasmic inheritance and the genes involved.

What are the characteristic features, means of reproduction and economic importance of Ascomycetes?

What are the critical features of heterospory and seed habit in pteridophytes.

Discuss briefly the general principles of cellular adhesion. Give a note on identification and characterization of adhesion receptors.

Define totipotency and discuss cytodifferentiation in plants.

Explain the approaches of Stress physiology in relation to salinity and metal stresses. Support your answer with examples.

Nature and significance of plant-endophyte relationship.

Illustrate Kranz anatomy in a typical C4 plant leaf.

Mycorrhizal association and its importance in plants.

Illustrate your answer with suitable example, the mechanism by which movement of ions takes place across the cell membrane.

Write the name of causal agent, symptoms and control measures of yellow vein of Okra and Tundu disease of wheat.

"DNA fingerprinting is important in any plant breeding programme." Justify the statement with suitable examples.

Compare the thallus forms of brown and green algae.

Write explanatory notes with examples on the following : (i) Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration as well as fermentation processes (ii) Photorespiration (iii) Chemo-osmotic theory and ATP synthesis

Alternation of heteromorphic generations in Bryophytes.

Explain the relevance and importance of the following : (i) Protected area network (ii) Invasive species (iii) Approaches for 'Environmental Impact Assessment'

Discuss the processes of mineral nutrition and mineral deficiencies in dry land areas.

Palynology and its significance.

Differentiation between bioremediation and bioleaching.

Discuss the salient features of Gnetales. Why are they regarded as the most evolved Gymnosperms?

Describe the characteristics and replication of viroids.

Compare and contrast the systems of classifications of Bentham and Hooker, and Hutchinson. Add a note on their merits and demerits.

Comment on the structure and ecological and physiological importance of leaf of Azolla.

Write botanical names and families of the plants yielding beverages, narcotics and gums.

Draw a well labelled longitudinal sectional view of the structure of capsule of Funaria.

Discuss the role of Histone in regulating chromatin structure with special emphasis on Histone N-terminal tails as well as nucleosome assembly.

Importance of haploid plant production from pollen grains.

Describe the process of DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms with required diagrams, mentioning the role of enzymes in the different steps involved. Comment on the dynamics of replication fork in eukaryotes.

What causes anomalous secondary growth in some dicot plants? Explain.

Explain with examples, in what way ecosystems and conservation help in the formation of a developed biosphere.