Civil Engineering UPSC PYQ 2017

Explain the purpose and suitability of the following with diagrams: (i) Aqueducts (4 marks) (ii) Non modular pipe outlet (3 marks) (iii) Groynes in river training (3 marks)

A three-cylinder car has pistons of 75 mm and cylinders of 75 mm. Find the percentage change in force required to drive the piston, when the lubricant warms from 25 deg C to 100 deg C. The dynamic viscosity of the lubricant at 25 deg C is 2 Ns/m^2 and at 100 deg C, it is 0.4 Ns/m^2.

The maximum increase in temperature is expected to be 24 deg C after the construction of cement concrete pavement. If the expansion gap is of 2.0 cm design the spacing between the expansion and contraction joints. Assume allowable stress in concrete (tension) during initial period of curing = 0.8 kg/cm^2; coeff of thermal expansion of cement concrete 10 x 10^-6 per deg C, unit wt. of concrete = 2400 kg/m^3 and coeff of friction at interface as 1.3.

A masonry retaining wall, trapezoidal section is 1.2 m wide at the top. Its earth retaining face is vertical and smooth. The retained earth, having density of 16 kN/m^3 and angle of shearing resistance of 30 deg, is level with the top of the wall. Height of the wall is 6.0 m. The density of masonry is 19.5 kN/m^3. Calculate the maximum bottom width of the wall, so that no tension is to be developed at the base. Also calculate the maximum base pressure at this width.

Two ISA 90 x 90 x 8 mm carry a load of 180 kN and are placed back to back through 8 mm gusset plate. The permissible shear stress is 110 N/mm^2 and bearing stress is 250 N/mm^2. Design the riveted connection and show the arrangement with a neat sketch.

For the following traverse, compute the length of line CD so that A, D and E may be in one straight line : | Line | Length(m) | Bearing | | --- | --- | --- | | AB | 110 | 83 deg 12' | | BC | 165 | 30 deg 42' | | CD | ? | 346 deg 06' | | DE | 212 | 16 deg 18' |

Draw a network diagram to represent the following project. Calculate the occurrence times of the events and activity times. Also determine the critical path. | Activity Id | Predecessor | Time (weeks) | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A | - | 1 | Prepare site | | B | A | 6 | Pour foundation | | C | B | 3 | Buy shrubs etc. | | D | B | 2 | Roof | | E | D | 3 | Do interior work | | F | C | 4 | Landscape | | G | E, F | 1 | Move in |

Specify permissible drinking water quality standard for the following parameters and explain the effects of these parameters on human health : (i) Fluorides (ii) Nitrates (iii) Chlorides (iv) Total hardness (v) Total dissolved solids

Draw a labelled sketch of Right hand turnout, clearly highlighting the movement of train on both the routes i.e. main and diverted.

Draw the Influence Line Diagram (ILD) for bending moment at a section 4 m from the left support of a simply supported beam of 10 m span. Determine the maximum bending moment at this section due to a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m longer than the span.

What do you understand by the term "segregation" of concrete? What are the common causes of segregation ? What are the methods of prevention of segregation ? How bleeding is different from segregation? What are the causes and how it can be prevented ?

Calculate stopping sight distance on a highway at level stretch for a design speed of 80 km/hr. Also calculate the effect of 2% descending gradient on the SSD. Assume other data as per IRC recommendations.

A beam with a rectangular cross-section of size 250 mm wide and 500 mm deep is prestressed by a force of 500 kN using 8 Nos. of 7 mm phi steel cables located at an eccentricity of 80 mm. Find the loss of prestress due to creep of concrete. Grade of concrete is M 40. Coefficient of creep is taken as 1.8. Modulus of Elasticity of steel E_s is 2 x 10^5 N/mm^2. Assume the stress at transfer is 80%.

A constant head permeability test was run on a sand sample 400 mm long and 3000 mm^2 in area. When the loss of head was 900 mm, the quantity of water collected in 3 minutes was 400 ml. Determine the coefficient of permeability of the soil. If the specific gravity of grains is 2.65 and the dry mass of the sample is 1.9 kg, find the void ratio of the sample.

A two lane undivided State Highway with thick bituminous pavement surface in high rainfall region has horizontal curve of radius 2950 m. If design speed is 100 km/hr., what is the superelevation requirement ? Also draw the cross-section at curved portion.

(i) Explain hygroscopic water in soil and permanent wilting point along with diagram. (5 marks) (ii) What is consumptive use of water and write the factors affecting consumptive use of water in irrigation. (5 marks)

(i) What is the purpose of unit hydrograph and how it is derived from a simple flood hydrograph of isolated storms. (5 marks) (ii) What is synthetic unit hydrograph and write the equations for standard duration, lag time and width of the synthetic unit hydrograph at various percentages of discharges. (5 marks)

Explaining the environmental impacts of river valley projects, suggest environmental management plan to mitigate the negative impacts of the project.

A soil sample is tested in the laboratory for classification. The test results are as follows : Percentage passing 4.75 mm IS sieve = 58 Percentage passing 75 micron IS sieve = 11 The particle size D_60 = 6.3 mm, D_30 = 0.5 mm, D_10 = 0.07 mm Liquid limit = 42 Plastic limit = 21 Classify the soil.

With help of line sketch, explain the working principles of Electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters in air pollution control.

Find the hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton turbine operating under a head of 350 m, with a discharge of 15 m^3/s. The other data are: Speed ratio K_u = 0.46 Coefficient of velocity C_v = 0.985 Relative velocity at outlet V_r2 = 0.9 V_r1 and vane angle phi = 20 deg.

A 1 in 8.5 turnout is to be provided on a B.G. track. If the speed restriction on the main line is 45 km/hr., what is the speed restriction on branch line ? Assume permissible cant deficiency as 50 mm.

Write short note on the following: (i) Light weight aggregate concrete. (4 marks) (ii) Types of rollers commonly used in construction projects for compacting soil. (4 marks)

Two reservoirs 10 km apart have a difference of water level of 25 m and are connected together by a pipeline. The Pipeline consists of a 6 km single pipe feeding a junction from which two pipes run in parallel for the remaining length of 4 km to the lower reservoir. If the same size of pipe is used throughout, what should be the diameter for the pipe so that velocity may not exceed 1.25 m/s ? Take the friction coefficient f = 0.03.

What is hydraulic jump ? Explain the uses of hydraulic jump in brief. Derive the equation for sequent depth ratio, for a hydraulic jump in a horizontal rectangular channel. What are the assumptions used in deriving the sequent depth ratio?

A gravity retaining wall retains 12 m of backfill, gamma = 18 kN/m^3, phi = 30 deg with a uniform horizontal surface. Assuming the wall interface to be vertical, determine the magnitude and point of application of total active pressure. If the water table is 3 m below the ground surface, how far do the magnitude and point of application of active pressure change ? Assume submerged unit weight of soil as 11 kN/m^3.

A pipe of diameter 1.5 m is required to transport an oil of specific gravity 0.9 and viscosity 3 x 10^-2 poise at the rate of 3000 litres/s. Tests were conducted on a 15 cm diameter pipe using water at 20 deg C. Find the velocity and rate of flow in the model. Viscosity of water at 20 deg C is 0.01 poise.

(i) Give a flow chart indicating sequence of units in domestic wastewater treatment plant. Specify the objectives of each unit. (5 marks) (ii) Differentiate between BOD and COD. Explain the importance of COD/BOD ratio in selection of treatment units. (5 marks)

A simply supported beam of span 8 m is subjected to a series of rolling loads as shown: 80 kN, 100 kN, 70 kN, 100 kN with spacings 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.4 m. Determine the position of loads and the absolute maximum Bending Moment.

What are the approximate oxide composition limits found in ordinary portland cement ? Briefly explain the functions of following oxides: (i) Lime (ii) Silica (iii) Alumina (iv) Iron oxide

Compare the salient features of Standard Penetration Test and Plate Load Test.

(i) Write the various losses in canals. (4 marks) (ii) Explain Drainage and Pressure release arrangements behind canal lining. (4 marks)

A vehicle moving at 40 km/hr was stopped by applying the brakes and the length of skid mark was 12.2 m. If the average skid resistance of the pavement is known to be 0.70, determine the brake efficiency of the test vehicle.

A raft of size 4 m x 4 m carries a uniform load of 200 kN/m^2. Find the stress at 6 m below the raft centre considering both geostatic stress and induced stress. Use point load approximation with four equivalent point loads. Take unit weight of soil = 20 kN/m^3.

A river with saturation DO (@ 25 deg C) 8.4 mg/l and self purification ratio, (f) 2.4 receives treated wastewater. Find the permissible BOD in the treated wastewater if rate constant k_1 (@ 25 deg C) is 0.1/day.

Explaining the advantages of sanitary landfills over open dumps, discuss how landfill problems are addressed.

There is a bed of compressible clay of 3 m thickness with pervious sand on top and impervious rock at the bottom. In a consolidation test on an undisturbed specimen of this clay, 90% settlement is reached in 6 hours. The specimen was 20 mm thick. Estimate the time in years for the building, founded over this deposit, to reach 90% of its final settlement.

A tie member in a truss consists of an angle section ISA 100 x 75 x 8 mm. It is connected to a 10 mm thick gusset plate through the longer leg by 18 mm diameter power driven shop rivets. Calculate the design tensile strength of the angle.

A force of 100 N is directed along the line that is drawn from the point A(5, 2, -1) m to the point B(3, -4, 7) m. Determine the moment of this force about the 'z'-axis.

In the framed structure shown in the figure below, if the length of all the members is the same, determine the force in the member 'DE' using the Virtual Work Method. (Horizontal force of 200 N at top joint C and 200 N at joint D, equilateral triangle panels with horizontal span).

The section of throat of saddle syphon spillway is width = 5 m and height = 2.5 m. Full reservoir level = +252.00 m Crest level of spillway = +248.00 m Level of center of syphon outlet = +240.00 m High flood level in the reservoir = +254.00 m If the high flood discharge is 650 cumecs, determine the number of syphon units required to pass the high flood discharge safely. Coeff. of discharge = 0.85 and the syphon discharges freely into air.

A small town with water demand as given below requires a storage reservoir. Assuming that the pumping is done uniformly @ constant rate for 24 hrs, estimate the storage capacity of the reservoir. Population of the town is 50000. Assume fire demand as 2 lpcd. | Time | 0-4 | 4-8 | 8-12 | 12-16 | 16-20 | 20-24 | | Demand (ML) | 0.48 | 0.87 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.54 |

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam of width 250 mm and effective depth 450 mm is reinforced with 4 numbers of 20 mm dia. bars. Check whether the section is under-reinforced or over-reinforced. Use M 20 grade of concrete and Fe 415 grade of steel.

What is seasoning of Timber? Write in brief the various methods of seasoning of timber.

A uniform T-section beam is 100 mm wide and 150 mm deep with a flange thickness of 25 mm and a web thickness of 12 mm. If the limiting bending stresses for the material of the beam are 80 MN/m^2 in compression and 160 MN/m^2 in tension, find the maximum U.D.L. that the beam can carry over a simply supported span of 5 m.

For the following data, compute the settlement of the group assuming the load to be transferred at two-thirds the length of a pile : Depth of clay layer = 16 m, load on piles = 2000 kN, length of piles = 10.5 m, diameter of a pile = 0.45 m, spacing of piles = 1.25 m c/c, number of piles = 16, initial void ratio = 0.80, C_c = 0.45 and unit weight of soil = 16.5 kN/m^3. Take size of pile cap 5.65 x 5.65 m.

A rectangular channel is 4.0 m wide and conveys a discharge of 20 m^3/s at a depth of 2.2 m. It is proposed to reduce the width of the channel at a hydraulic structure. Assuming the transition to be horizontal and the flow to be frictionless, determine the water surface elevations upstream and downstream of the constriction when the constricted width is 2.8 m.

A flexible pavement is designed for a 7.0 m wide carriage way with following data: Commercial traffic per day = 600 (As on 1.1.2012) Planning and construction period = 1 year Rate of traffic growth per annum = 10% Design life = 15 years Vehicle damage factor = 2.0 Because of some legal issues project could not be completed in time and it got delayed by 4 years. However pavement design remains the same. Will it have some implications on design life of the project ? What will be the new design life of the road?

Explain in brief the important factors that affect the selection of Construction Equipment.

Three wells are situated forming an equilateral triangle with a side distance of 110 m. All the three wells are penetrated fully into a 10 m thick Aquifer with medium sand having coefficient of permeability of 50 m/day. The radius of wells are 15 cm and worked under a depression head of 3.5 m at well face. The radius of influence of each well is 240 m. All the wells have same characteristics. Compute the yield of each well.

Define the infiltration indices phi-index and W-index with sketches and determine the phi-index and W-index when the half hourly rainfall rate for a period of 4 hours storm are 1.8, 2.7, 3.8, 5.5, 3.2, 2.6, 2.2 and 1.2 cm/hr. The corresponding run-off is 3.3 cm. The effective surface retention is zero.

Explain the causes of failures of weirs and write the preventive measures.

Write a short note on the following. Wherever necessary explain the questions. (i) Slack (ii) CPM vs PERT (iii) What does a positive slack, a zero slack and a negative slack indicate in a real life project scenario? (iv) Bar chart

A welded bracket connects a plate to the column flanges as shown in the figure. Determine the size of weld if the allowable stress in the weld is 110 N/mm^2.

A continuous beam ABC is loaded as shown in the figure below. Determine the required Plastic Moment (M_p) of the beam section if the load factor is 3.2. Span AB = 12 m carrying UDL of 5 kN/m and plastic moment capacity M_p. Span BC has point load 60 kN at D (8 m from B) and 90 kN at E (8 m from D, 8 m to C) with plastic moment capacity 2 M_p.

Explain the impacts of disposal of wastewater with following characteristics into fresh water: (i) Nutrients (ii) Heavy metals (iii) Oil and grease (iv) Suspended solids

A line of levels was run from A to B. The levelling was then continued to a B.M. of elevation 40.0 m. The readings obtained are as under. Obtain the reduced level of A and B. | B.S | I.S | F.S | R.L | Remarks | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1.195 | | | | A | | | 0.445 | | | | | | 2.370 | | | | | 2.150 | | 0.995 | | | | | 0.720 | | | B | | 1.465 | | 0.260 | | | | | 2.630 | | | | | | 0.905 | | | | | | | 1.305 | 40.0 | B.M |

A steel column consisting of ISMB 350 is effectively restrained at mid-height by a bracing member in Y-Y direction, but is free to move in Z-Z direction and both the ends of the column are pinned. Its unsupported length is 6 m. Determine its axial load carrying capacity at service loads, using the limit state design of IS: 800 - 2007. Design compressive strength f_cd = (f_y / gamma_m0) / [phi + (phi^2 - lambda^2)^0.5] where phi = 0.5 [1 + alpha(lambda - 0.2) + lambda^2] lambda = sqrt(f_y / f_cc) Euler buckling stress f_cc = pi^2 * E / (KL/r)^2 alpha = 0.34 for buckling class 'b', alpha = 0.21 for buckling class 'a' f_y = 250 N/mm^2, gamma_m0 = 1.10 and gamma_f = 1.5, E = 2 x 10^5 N/mm^2 Minimum radius of gyration for ISMB 350: r_yy = 28.4 mm, r_xx = 142.9 mm Area of cross-section of ISMB 350 = 6671 mm^2.

Explain the design considerations of earth dams in Earthquake regions.

If two pieces of materials 'A' and 'B' have the same bulk modulus, but the value of Modulus of Elasticity for 'B' is 1% greater than that for 'A', find the value of Poisson's ratio for the material 'B' in terms of Poisson's ratio for 'A'.

The velocity potential for a two-dimensional flow is phi = x(2y - 1). Determine the value of stream function at a point P(4, 5). Comment whether the flow is rotational or irrotational. Also determine the velocity at the point P(4, 5).

A railway wagon weighs 0.25 MN when empty and 0.6 MN when loaded. The springs of the wagon get compressed by 8 cm when it is full. Determine the natural period of vibration when the wagon is empty and when it is loaded.