Civil Engineering UPSC PYQ 2025

For the column section shown in the figure, determine the design strength components corresponding to the condition of 'balanced failure'. Assume M25 grade concrete and Fe 500 grade steel. Consider loading eccentricity with respect to the major axis alone. Assume 8 φ ties and 40 mm clear cover. Take Es = 2 × 10^5 N/mm².

Answer the following : In a horizontal, rectangular channel, the sluice gate is opened. A hydraulic jump is formed downstream of the sluice gate. The depth of water before jump is 0.8 m and the specific energy before jump is 12.0 m. Find the sequent depth of the jump and the energy lost in the jump. What is the initial Froude number? Classify the jump based on the results obtained in the problem. [10M] A runoff-river plant is proposed to generate hydro-electric power. The net head available is 30 m. The river carries a sustainable flow of 30 m³/s in dry weather. Determine the maximum generating capacity. Daily load pattern indicates 20 h of average load and 4 h of peak load. Estimate the volume of pondage to be provided to supply the daily demand. Assume load factor = 85 % and efficiency = 80 %. [10M]