Commerce UPSC PYQ 2022

Critically evaluate the contingency theory of leadership propounded by Fiedler. How is this theory different from situational leadership theory propounded by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard?

"The approach towards Human Resource Management has undergone transformation through different stages and this process of transformation is still going on." Explain this statement.

Explain the concept and features of Responsibility Accounting. Discuss the steps involved in implementing such an Accounting System.

Discuss the role of commercial banks in the economic development of a country.

"MBO is a mixed blessing." Elucidate the statement.

From the following information as contained in the Trading and Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet of X Ltd., you are required to calculate the operating cycle period. [Trading and Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet Tables omitted for brevity] Additional Information : (i) Closing balance of debtors is ₹ 8 lakh more than the opening balance of debtors. (ii) Opening balance of creditors is ₹ 24 lakh. (iii) Purchases and sales are made on credit basis only.

"Collective bargaining in India has not been very successful." Comment. Discuss the suggestions to be made to make the functioning of collective bargaining effective.

What is corporate restructuring ? Explain the techniques of corporate restructuring.

X, an employee of a firm, furnished the following particulars of his income for the year ended March 31, 2021 : [Table of particulars] Additional Information : (i) X was provided with a small car for which the employer paid all the running and maintenance costs. The car was used for official as well as personal purposes. (ii) He was also provided with rent-free accommodation at Kolkata for which the employer paid a rent of ₹ 2,500 pm. He was allowed to use one refrigerator and an air-conditioner costing ₹ 16,000 and ₹ 24,000 respectively, while their written-down values as on 01.04.2020 were ₹ 9,000 and ₹ 14,000 respectively. (iii) Life insurance premium of ₹ 24,000 was paid by his employer on an Insurance Policy for ₹ 4,80,000 on the life of X. Compute the taxable salary of X for the Assessment Year 2021 – 22.

Explain briefly how the process of job specification is dependent on job analysis and related to job requirements.

Briefly explain the main systems of organizational effectiveness.

Explain the term 'Revenue' as per AS-9. State the items not included in the term 'Revenue'. When should revenue from sale of goods be recognized?

Balance Sheets of A Ltd. and B Ltd. as on March 31, 2021 are as follows: [Table omitted for brevity] It was proposed that A Ltd. should be amalgamated in B Ltd. Following arrangements were accepted by both the companies : (i) Goodwill of A Ltd. is considered as valueless. (ii) Arrears of depreciation in A Ltd. amounted to ₹ 20,000. (iii) The holder of every 2 shares in A Ltd. was to receive : (1) As fully paid at par, 10 shares in B Ltd.; and (2) So much cash as is necessary to adjust the right of the shareholders of both the companies in accordance with the intrinsic value of the shares as per their balance sheets subject to necessary adjustments with regard to goodwill and depreciation in A Ltd's Balance Sheet. You are required to : (I) Determine the composite of purchase consideration; and (II) Show the balance sheet after amalgamation.

Briefly discuss the four integrated components of 360° feedback.

"The choice between centralization and decentralization cannot be made in isolation, none is good or bad." Critically evaluate this statement.

Critically examine the Freudian stages of personality development.

Critically discuss the impact of personality traits on the behaviour in organizations.

Discuss the major points to be considered by an auditor while conducting the audit of charitable institutions.

What is Annual Value ? Illustrate the procedure of computing the annual value of a house property which is let out throughout the previous year.

Discuss the essential conditions for congenial industrial relations.

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Explain 'Capital Asset Pricing Model'. (b) Briefly explain any five risks faced by the financial institutions in India. (c) Discuss Walter's model of dividend decision. (d) Discuss the problem of multiple internal rates of return in relation to capital budgeting decision. (e) Explain the objective of maximising the wealth of shareholders.

Explain the Arbitrage process as per the M&M Model.

"Excessive turnover of labour is neither in the interest of the employer nor in the interest of the employees." Explain this statement.

State the responsibilities of Industrial Relations Managers.

"The implementation of information technology produces change in organizational structure as their relationship is dynamic." Explain in brief.

"Recruitment process is often very strenuous, time-consuming and expensive, as also equally frustrating from the point of view of the organization." Suggest the methods which can improve the objectivity of recruitment process.

Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) What are Sweat Equity Shares? Under what conditions can these shares be issued by a company? (b) What is Activity-Based Costing (ABC) ? How does ABC system support corporate strategy? (c) What is Interim Dividend ? Specify the duties of an auditor in this regard. (d) Explain briefly the steps involved in preparing the budget for an industrial organization. (e) State the exceptions to the provision under the Income Tax Act regarding set-off of loss from one source against income from another source under the same head.

The following details have been extracted from the cost records of a company : Material : 5 lbs @ ₹ 5 - ₹ 25 Labour : 4 Hrs @ ₹ 3 - ₹ 12 The production schedule for the month of January, 2022 required the completion of 7000 units; however 8100 units were actually produced during the month. Purchase of materials of 40000 lbs was made at a total invoice price of ₹ 1,65,000. Production record for the month of January, 2022 revealed the following : Materials requisitioned and used – 35800 lbs, Direct labour – 17200 Hrs – ₹ 59,400. Calculate the appropriate material and labour variances.

What is money market ? Explain the features of a developed money market.

A company wishes to raise additional finance of ₹ 20 lakh for meeting its investment plans. It has ₹ 4,20,000 in the form of retained earnings available for investment purposes. Following are the additional details : (i) Debt/Equity mix – 30%/70% (ii) Cost of debt upto ₹ 3,60,000 is 10% before tax; Beyond ₹ 3,60,000 is 16% before tax; (iii) Earnings per share is ₹ 8 (iv) Dividend payout is 50% of earnings (v) Expected growth rate in dividend is 10% (vi) Current market price per share is ₹ 88 (vii) Tax rate is 50% You are required to determine the pattern for raising the additional finance, the post-tax average cost of additional debt, the cost of retained earnings and the cost of equity. Also compute the overall weighted average after-tax cost of additional finance.

"Organizational culture is the set of assumptions, beliefs, values and norms which are shared by an organization's members." Explain. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of organizational culture.

Great Ocean Ltd. is currently buying a component from a local supplier @ ₹ 30 each. As the supply is irregular, the company is considering the following two proposals : (i) Buy and install a semi-automatic machine for manufacturing this component, which would involve an annual fixed cost of ₹ 18,000,000 and variable cost of ₹ 12 per manufactured component. (ii) Buy and install an automatic machine for manufacturing this component, incurring an annual fixed cost of ₹ 30,000,000 and variable cost of ₹ 10 per manufactured component. The annual requirement of the company is expected to be 5,00,000 units and the volume is expected to increase to 6,00,000 units thereafter. Would you recommend the automatic or semi-automatic machine ? Justify your recommendation with necessary computations.

Briefly review how conflict can provide benefits to the organization.

Explain how the matrix structure breaks the unity-of-command concept.

"Rapid industrialization in India is heavily dependent on harmonious industrial relations." Explain the impact of globalization on industrial relations.

Discuss the weaknesses of a conciliation machinery in settling industrial disputes. Suggest suitable measures to make conciliation machinery effective.

Capital structure of a company consists of the following : Equity Share Capital : (Shares of ₹ 100 each) – ₹ 40,00,000 Retained Earning – ₹ 20,00,000 8% Preference Shares – ₹ 20,00,000 7% Debentures – ₹ 4,00,000 Total – ₹ 84,00,000 The company requires ₹ 50,00,000 to finance the expansion programme for which the following alternatives are available : (i) Issue of 40,000 equity shares at a premium of ₹ 25 per share (ii) Issue of 10% Preference Shares (iii) Issue of 8% Debentures It is estimated that in the case of equity shares, preference shares and debentures financing, the PE ratios would be 21.4, 17 and 15.7 respectively. Assume the company earns 12% on its capital with the income tax rate of 50%. You are required to evaluate the three financing alternatives and recommend the best alternative suitable for the company.

Despite the complementary and supplementary relationship of line and staff, why is there a conflict between them? Give sound suggestions to minimize this conflict.

Explain, with the help of the expectancy theory, why a lot of workers are not motivated on their jobs and do only the minimum necessary to get by.

Explain the causes of distortion in perception. Give suggestions for improving perceptual capabilities of managers in organizations.

State the criteria for the recognition of Trade Unions in India. Also point out the rights of a recognized Trade Union.

Distinguish 'transfer' from 'promotion'/'demotion' and state the purposes of resorting to 'transfer'.

"Human Resource Planning is a prerequisite for effective management of human resources." In the light of this statement, analyze the significance of Human Resource Planning.

Critically examine the strengths and weaknesses of industrial relations in public sector.

From the following data, you are required to prepare a Balance Sheet and a Statement of Profit and Loss: (a) Share Capital: ₹ 9,60,000 (b) Working Capital: ₹ 3,64,000 (c) Bank Overdraft: ₹ 60,000 Additional information : (i) Current Ratio – 2 (ii) Quick Ratio – 1.5 (iii) Proprietary Ratio (Fixed Assets/Proprietary Fund) – 0.80 (iv) Gross Profit Ratio – 0.20 (v) Inventory Turnover Ratio – 4 (vi) Trade Receivables Turnover – 36 days (vii) Net Profit to Paid-up Capital – 10% Assume there are no fictitious assets. In the case of current assets, there are no assets other than inventories, trade receivables and cash. Closing inventory is 20% higher than the opening inventory. Also assume 360 days in a year.

From the following Summary Cash Account of Z Ltd., you are required to prepare Cash Flow Statement for the year ended March 31, 2022 in accordance with AS-3 using the Direct method. [Summary Cash Account Table omitted for brevity] Note: The company does not have any cash equivalance.

Discuss the impact of behavioural sciences on Accounting.

Write a brief note on 'systems approach' in the context of the evolution of organization theory.