Compulsory Language UPSC PYQ 2024

Write a précis, in Urdu, of the following passage in about one-third of its length and give it a suitable title. (60 marks) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Urdu_Q3-->

अधोलिखितं गद्यांशं सावधानं पठित्वा तत्सरस्यम् अंशः प्रदत्तानां प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि स्पष्टता-समस्तस्य शुद्धियुत्तया दीयताम् : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q2-->

Read the following passage carefully and answer, in your own words, the questions that follow. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q2-->

Translate the following prose passage into English: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q4-->

Translate the following passage into Odia: In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.af:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q5-->

Write a précis of the following passage in your own words and give it a suitable title. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q3-->

Change the gender of any FIVE of the following words: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q3-->

Write a composition on the following topic: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q4-->

Make a précis of the following passage in about one-third of its length. Do not give or suggest a title to it. The précis should be written in your own words: The mad rat race among nations over the globe for development jeopardised the health of man itself. Progress in agriculture and industry is taken a general criterion of development of any country. This craze resulted into unlimited exploitation of every bit of natural resource. The splendid plentifulness of nature is a heritage that should be conserved for future generations and not be spoiled. Such activities of man had adverse effect on all forms of living organisms in the biosphere. The earth planet along with the atmosphere (air, land, water) that sustains life is called the biosphere. Biosphere extends into about 7 km of the earth surface itself, downward into the ocean to depths of about 10-67 km and vertically into the air to about 10 km, where life is found to exist. Unlimited exploitation of nature by man disturbed the delicate ecological balance between living and non-living component of the biosphere. The unfavorable conditions created by man himself threatened the survival not only of man himself but also other living organisms. The number of the species likely to become rare, threatened, endangered or near extinction in the Red Data Book of the IUCN is increasing with time. It is very common to find warnings at public places, reading as "Air unfit for breathing", "Water unfit for drinking", "Do not eat fish caught here" and so on. India today is one of the first ten industrialised countries of the world. Today we have a good industrial infrastructure in core industries like metals, chemicals, fertilisers, petroleum, food etc. What has come out of these? Pesticides, detergents, plastics, solvents, fuels, paints, dyes, food additives etc. are some examples. Due to progress in atomic energy, there has also been an increase in radioactivity in the biosphere. Besides these, there are a number of industrial effluents and emissions particularly poisonous gases in the atmosphere. Mining activities also added to this problem particularly as solid waste. Thus, pollution is a necessary evil of all development. Due to lack of development of a culture of pollution control, there has resulted a heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid and solid pollution in our country. It is to be cleaned. Thus pollution control in our country is a recent environmental concern. Not only in India, but in developed Western World also, pollution is a scare-word. Pollution is a man-made problem, mainly of effluent countries. The developed countries have been in a mad race to exploit every bit of natural resource to convert them into goods for their comfort, and to export them to needy developing world. In doing so, the industrialised countries dump lot of materials in their environment which becomes polluted. In one way pollution has been in fact "exported" to developing countries. What is pollution? Pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, water and soil that may harmfully affect the life or create a potential health hazard of any living organism. Pollution is thus direct or indirect change in any component of the biosphere that is harmful to the living component(s), and in particular undesirable for man, affecting adversely the industrial progress, cultural and natural assets or general environment. What are pollutants? Any substance which causes pollution is called a pollutant. A pollutant may thus include any chemical or geochemical (dust, sediment, grit etc.) substance, biotic component or its product, or physical factor (heat) that is released intentionally by man into the environment in such a concentration that may have adverse harmful or unpleasant effects. A pollutant has also been defined as "any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be or tend to be injurious to the environment". Pollutants are the residues of things we make, use and throw away. There are many sources of such pollutants. The lakes and rivers are polluted by wastes from chemical and other factories, and the air by gases of automobile exhausts, industries, thermal power plants etc. There has grown up a serious concern all over the world about the rivers turning murky, fish rotting on sea shores, trees withering, cities choking with foul air, toxic chemicals being cycled into food stuffs and disease epidemics appearing so frequently. (697 words approximately)8b <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-English_Q3-->

Answer the following questions: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q6-->

Write an essay in about 600 words on any ONE of the following topics: (a) ଗ୍ରାମଜୀବନ ଓ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଗତ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞାନ (b) ଭାରତରେ ପାଣ୍ଠା ଜନସଂଖ୍ୟାର ଆହ୍ବାନ କି? (c) ଜନତାଙ୍କ ସଂସ୍କୃତି ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ : ପ୍ରୟାସ ଓ ଯଥାର୍ଥତା (d) ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାଟନ ମାଧ୍ୟମର ଅର୍ଥନୈତିକ ବିକାଶ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q1-->

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below clearly, correctly and concisely. (12 × 5 = 60) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Tamil_Q2-->

Complete any FIVE of the following proverbs/phrases: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q4-->

Read the following passage carefully and answer, in coherent and correct Punjabi, the questions given below: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Punjabi_Q2-->

Translate the following Kannada prose passage into English: ಗುಡಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಉದ್ಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಯ ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೊಮ್ಮೆ ಮಹತ್ವ ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿವೆ. ಅಂತಹ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳ ಕೇಂದ್ರದಲ್ಲಿರುವುದು ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು, ಕಡಿಮೆ ಬಂಡವಾಳ ಹೂಡಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿರುವ ಸಣ್ಣ ಕೃಷಿಾಧಾರಿತ ಉದ್ಯಮಗಳು. ಈ ಮಾದರಿಯ ವ್ಯವಹಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಲೀಕರು ಹಾಗೂ ತಯಾರಕರು ಅವಲಂಬಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರಿಗೆ ತಾವು ಜೀವನಾಧಾರವನ್ನು ಗಳಿಸುವ ಅವಕಾಶವನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಆ ಮೂಲಕ ಉತ್ಸಾಹಭರಿತ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆಯ ತತ್ವವನ್ನು ಸಾಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಇದು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಗಾಂಧಿಯವರು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮದ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲೇ ಭಾರತದಂತಹ ದೇಶದ ಅನೇಕ ಹಿತಾಸಕ್ತಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಣ್ಣ ಗೃಹ-ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳು ಕಾರಣಕಾರಿತ್ವವೆಂದು ಕಂಡುಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದರು. ಸಣ್ಣ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಾವಕಾಶಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ವಾವಲಂಬಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೃಹ-ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳು ಅವಲಂಬಿಗಳಾಗಿವೆ. ಈ ಮೂಲಕ ಸ್ವಾವಲಂಬ್ಯವನ್ನೇ ಕಂಡುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಬೃಹತ್ ಉದ್ಯಮಗಳಿಗೆ ಅಡಚಣೆ ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಬೃಹತ್ ಉದ್ಯಮಗಳು ಶ್ರಿಮಂತ ವರ್ಗದ ಬಾನಿಯ ಆಶ್ರಯವಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ, ಶಿಕ್ಷಣದ ಪ್ರಸಾರ, ಜನಸಾಮಾನ್ಯರಲ್ಲಿ ಜಾಗೃತಿ, ತಮ್ಮ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಬೆಳೆದಂತೆ, ನಿರ್ಧಾರಗಳ ಹಟ್ಟೋತ್ತರ ಇದು ಸಾಲ – ಇವೆಲ್ಲವೂ ತತ್ತ್ವವಾಗಿ ರೂಪುಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತವೆ. ಹಿನ್ನಡೆಯಿಂದ ತೆಗೆದ ಪ್ರಜ್ಞಾವಂತ ಚಿಂತಕರು ಗಾಂಧೀ ತತ್ವಗಳನ್ನು ಮರುವಿಚಾರಣೆಗೆ ಒಳಪಡಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇಷ್ಟು ಸಣ್ಣ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ಅಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸದೇ ಇರುವುದು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ಪರಾಕ್ರಮಾತ್ಮಕ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ, ದೇಶಾದ್ಯಂತವೂ ಗುಡಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಗಳ ಜಾಲ ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದೆ.9a:["$","div","MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q4",{"className":"bg-[#18181f] border border-[#2a2a35] rounded-xl p-5","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 mb-2","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"px-2 py-0.5 bg-[#d4a447]/20 text-[#e8bc5a] text-xs rounded-full","children":["Q",4]}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":"Compulsory-Kannada"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":[20,"M"]}],""]}],["$","p",null,{"className":"text-[#f8f6f0] leading-relaxed whitespace-pre-line","children":"$126"}],false]}] 9b:["$","div","MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q4",{"className":"bg-[#18181f] border border-[#2a2a35] rounded-xl p-5","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 mb-2","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"px-2 py-0.5 bg-[#d4a447]/20 text-[#e8bc5a] text-xs rounded-full","children":["Q",4]}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":"Compulsory-Malayalam"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":[20,"M"]}],""]}],["$","p",null,{"className":"text-[#f8f6f0] leading-relaxed whitespace-pre-line","children":"Translate the following prose passage into English:"}],false]}] 9c:["$","div","MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q4",{"className":"bg-[#18181f] border border-[#2a2a35] rounded-xl p-5","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 mb-2","children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"px-2 py-0.5 bg-[#d4a447]/20 text-[#e8bc5a] text-xs rounded-full","children":["Q",4]}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":"Compulsory-Marathi"}],["$","span",null,{"className":"text-[#6a6a7a] text-xs","children":[20,"M"]}],""]}],["$","p",null,{"className":"text-[#f8f6f0] leading-relaxed whitespace-pre-line","children":"पुढील उताऱ्याचे इंग्रजी भाषांतर करा :"}],false]}] 9d:["$","div","MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q4",{"className":"bg-[#18181f] border border-[#2a2a35] rounded-xl p-5","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 mb-2" <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q4-->

अधोलिखितगद्यांशस्य संक्षेपे मूलभावस्य तृतीयांशपरिमितः स्वशब्दैः संक्षेपः स्वयमेव लेखनीयः (श्लोकं वा न उद्धृतम्) । <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q3-->

ఈ క్రింది గద్యభాగాన్ని శ్రద్ధగా చదివి, దిగువ ఇచ్చిన ప్రశ్నలకు సరైన సమాధానాలను సుస్పష్టమైన, సరళమైన భాషలో వ్రాయండి : (12 × 5 = 60) [గద్యభాగం 361 పదాలు – పేజీల 2-3లో ముద్రితంగా ఉంది] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q2-->

Translate the following Urdu passage into English. (20 marks) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Urdu_Q4-->

Write an essay in about 600 words on any one of the following topics: (a) Paper books are more attractive than their electronic formats. (b) Ethics in sports. (c) War as a policy instrument for nations today. (d) There is no place like home. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-English_Q1-->

पुढील उताऱ्याचे इंग्रजी भाषांतर करा : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q4-->

Translate the following passage into Punjabi: In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.b0:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Punjabi_Q5-->

Write an essay of about 600 words on ANY ONE of the following topics: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Urdu_Q1-->

Write an essay of about 600 words on any ONE of the following subjects: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Punjabi_Q1-->

Write an essay in about 600 words on any ONE of the following topics: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q1-->

Translate the following passage into Gujarati: In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.a8:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Gujarati_Q5-->

अधोलिखितगद्यांशस्य आङ्ग्लभाषायाः अनुवादः करणीयः । <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q4-->

ఈ క్రింది గద్యభాగాన్ని మీ స్వంతమాటల్లో మూలం విత్త పందికొరకు కుదించండి, దీనికి సరైన శీర్షిక ఇవ్వండి : [గద్యభాగం – పేజీలు 4-5లో సుమారు 361 పదాలు.] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q3-->

Write antonyms of the following words: अबोल [1M] अभावग्रस्त [1M] वियोग [1M] शेष [1M] सुमिच्छ [1M] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q8-->

Summarise the following passage to one-third of its length in your own words. No title is necessary. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Tamil_Q3-->

Translate the following passage into ENGLISH: (20 marks) [Passage in Bengali about the contemporary relevance of cottage and small-scale industries, beginning with "কুটির শিল্প এবং ক্ষুদ্র শিল্পের মধ্যে আজ ভারতের আবার…" and ending with "ফলে সময় দেশে আজ কুটির শিল্পের প্রতি লক্ষ করা যাচ্ছে।"] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q4-->

4.(a) Rewrite the following sentences after making necessary corrections. Do not make unnecessary changes in the original sentence: (i) Little learning is dangerous thing. (ii) You are requested to kindly grant me leave. (iii) Could you please advised me what I should do. (iv) I envied he his success. (v) If people feel good of coming to work, they will work better. (vi) How terribly sad? (vii) Spanish is more widely used outside of Europe. (Add a question tag) (viii) He played the piano one night in the village hall. (ix) Many a men has succumbed to this temptation. (x) If she gets the right grades, she'd go to university. 4.(b) Supply the missing words: (i) Don't walk ________ the grass. (ii) I lived in Uttarakhand ________ five years. (iii) He stood tall ________ all his friends in the college. (iv) The cat jumped ________ the well to escape from the dog. (v) She walked ________ the forest to reach her village. 4.(c) Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets: (i) Two plus two ________ four. (make) (ii) We need rain, the garden ________ so dry. (be) (iii) She ________ with a baby girl last week. (bless, passive voice) (iv) I just ________ even talking to him. (bear) (v) ________ you just shut up for a minute! (can) 4.(d) Write the antonyms of the following: (i) Optimist (ii) Gali (iii) Zest (iv) Profit (v) Quick <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-English_Q4-->

Write an essay of about 600 words on any ONE of the following topics: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q1-->

Read carefully the passage given below and write your answers to the questions that follow in clear, correct and concise language: British rule in India was a relationship of economic and political domination between an imperial power and its colony. It was based on conquest, consolidated after several wars and followed economic policies designed to serve British interests. Both the parties knew it was unequal, exploitative and based on force. As such it raised moral questions and needed justification. Their self-respect, sense of morality and morale required the British to convince themselves that they were right to rule over India. In order to ensure its orderly and continued existence and secure the co-operation and support of the Indians without whom they simply could not run the country, they also needed to convince their subjects that British rule was in their ‘real’ interest. It was, of course, possible for them to justify it to themselves in one way and to their subjects in another. However, they knew that such a strategy was open to the charge of inconsistency, even hypocrisy, and inherently precarious. In order to achieve the dual objective of justifying their rule to themselves and their subjects in a single and consistent language, the British needed to show that they had something to give to the Indians which the latter badly needed, were unable to acquire unaided and was so precious as to compensate for whatever economic and political price they were required to pay. The logic of justification required a perfect match between British gifts and Indian needs, the British strength and the Indian deficiency. Following the fashion of the time, the British wrapped their gifts in the language of civilisation, which had latterly replaced Christianity as the unifying principle in Europe, taken over its universalist and proselytising mission and built up an ambiguous and uneasy relationship with it. Although modern civilisation was a co-operative European product, the British role in its creation and dissemination was considerable. They were one of the first to industrialise themselves, more or less to recast their religion, ways of life and thought and major political, economic and other institutions in the light of the dominant liberal culture and to roam all over the world as if possessed by its inherently restless and universal spirit. They claimed to ‘represent’ or ‘embody’ it to a greater degree than any other country and saw themselves as its transcendentally or historically accredited ‘vehicle’. Since their civilisation had, in their view, attained the highest possible level of human existence and cultivated capacities which all men qua men ought to develop, they had no doubt that it was universally desirable. All societies had a common destiny and destination, namely to become civilised in the British way and were to achieve this destiny by the same route. Hence the more ‘advanced’ among them, that is, those whose journey had brought them closer to the universal destination, provided the models for and had the moral duty to guide those who had not yet started, become stuck, were proceeding in a wrong direction or at an extremely slow pace. The British could not show that they represented the highest level of civilisation without so defining it that it broadly corresponded to their own ways of life and thought. Like all ideological systems they abstracted, reified and absolutised the distinctive features of their ways of life and thought and presented them as a universal norm for evaluating all societies, including their own. Their facts became values for others, an illicit logical move lying at the heart of every ideology. Other societies were therefore always deficient whereas the British was necessarily more or less perfect. The British argued that they had brought to India the unique and most precious gift of civilisation. Since this civilisation was deemed to be universally desirable, India obviously needed it. All they had to do was show that India lacked it and was unable to acquire it unaided. Unlike some of the other British colonies, India had a well-developed literati tradition, a long history of civic life and considerable philosophical, artistic, scientific and other achievements. Since these were supposed to be some of the indices of civilisation, obviously it could not be contemptuously dismissed as uncivilised. Some British writers and leaders did so dismiss it; most, however, acknowledged its great achievements, but contended that they were all in the past and did not redeem its contemporary degeneration. Its social structure and practices were oppressive, unjust and sometimes inhuman; its religions were incomprehensible, replete with meaningless rituals, polytheist, lacking a single authoritative text, and not really religions in the ‘proper’ sense of the term; its modes of thought were ‘mystical and mythological’ and largely irrational; and its people were emotional, excitable, undisciplined, unambitious, lacking in self-control, unreliable and very like women and children. The British view of India did, of course, change over time, largely as a result of their increased knowledge of its past and the changes in their conceptions of themselves and the yardsticks they employed. Throughout their rule, however, they continued to think of it as neither wholly uncivilised nor fully civilised but ‘semi-civilised’ or ‘only half-civilised’, and of the Indians as a moderately talented people who needed to be disciplined, guided and trained in the ways of civilisation.7d:["$","div","MAINS_2024_Compulsory <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-English_Q2-->

Answer the following as directed. Explain the meaning of each of the following proverbs: (i) ચકલી નાની ને ફેંકડો મોટો (ii) તંતુની અંત નથી (iii) જેવી મતિ એવી ગતિ (iv) મન હોય તો માળવે જવાય (v) ગામના માથે ગણું ન બનેય [10M] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Gujarati_Q6-->

Q1. 600 ಪದಗಳ ಮಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ವಿಷಯಗಳ any one ಮೇಲೆ ಪ್ರಬಂಧ ಬರೆಯಿರಿ : (a) ಧರ್ಮ, ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವ ಮತ್ತು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ (b) ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕುಡಿಯುವ ನೀರಿನ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಗಂಭೀರವಾಗಿದೆಯೆ? (c) ಬುಡಕಟ್ಟು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ : ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಧನೆಗಳು (d) ಹಸಿರು ಗ್ರಹ (GREEN EARTH) ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯ ಮರುಸಂರಚನೆ – ಅವಶ್ಯಕತೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಸವಾಲುಗಳು <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q1-->

Translate the following passage from English into Telugu: In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.b4:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q5-->

Read the following prose passage carefully and answer ALL the questions that follow, briefly, completely and in clear language. (12 × 5 = 60) [Passage in Bengali beginning with "সমালোচনা, সাহিত্যের একটি অংশ হিসেবে বিবেচ্য..." continues across two pages.] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q2-->

Fill in the blanks as directed: 10×4 = 40 <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q6-->

निम्नलिखितेषु विषयेषु कतमेकं विषयमवलम्ब्य यथाशक्ति (600 परिमितशब्दैः) निबन्धः लेखनीयः : (a) लोकतन्त्रः : अभिनवत्वं, स्वातन्त्रता च (b) किं भारते पेयजलस्य संकटः आसन्नः अस्ति ? (c) जनजातीय संस्कृतिसंरक्षणम् : प्रयासः, समस्याः च (d) निःसंसारस्य पदस्य प्रयोगात्मकः महान् <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q1-->

(a) Use the following idioms/phrases in meaningful sentences of your own: 2 × 5 = 10 (i) আদি লোকে উঠি নষ্ট (ii) তেলো মাথায় তেল দেয়া (iii) ঠ্যাঙা বাঁছতে গাঁ উজাড় (iv) শাক দিয়ে মাছ ঢাকা (v) চোখে চোখে সামলাতে ভাই (b) Give the meanings of the following compound words along with their grammatical analysis: 2 × 5 = 10 (i) আকাশপ্রদীপ (ii) পঞ্চানন (iii) রক্তজ (iv) মিশকালো (v) ছেদনভূমি <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q6-->

हेठि डिनल टुक्कर जो अंग्रेजी में तर्जुमो करयो : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q4-->

Answer the following as directed: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q6-->

हेठियन मां कोईहिक विषय ते 600 लफ्जनि में मग़मू लिखो : (a) लोकतशाही ऐं इज़हार-ए-खयाल जी आज़ादी (b) छा पाकिस्तान जो हुहुम्रु भारत में जल्दु अच्छण बारे आहे ? (c) क़लमाइली सफ़र जो रहनुमु : कोशिशूं ऐं इंक़लाकात (d) व्हले चणे वधे घणे <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q1-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.a6:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q5-->

पुढील उताऱ्याचे मराठीत भाषांतर करा : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q5-->

Write the summary of the following passage in about one-third of its length (approximately 210-215 words). Do not give a title to the summary. Write the condensed version in your own words. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Punjabi_Q3-->

हेठि डिनल टुक्क जो साग अटिकल टुकं हिस्से जितिको लिखो. उन जो उन्वाअ लिखण जी जरूरत न आहे. साग अचन जे पन्धैंसी बोलियों में हुवणु तुहिंजे. (625 शब्द) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q3-->

अधस्तनगद्यांशस्य संस्कृतभाषानुवादः करणीयः । <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q5-->

Translate the following English passage into Urdu. (20 marks) "In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and..." <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Urdu_Q5-->

Q3. ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಗದ್ಯಖಂಡವನ್ನು ուշದಾಗಿ ಓದಿ. ಅದರ ಸಂಗತಿಯನ್ನು 300 ಪದಗಳ ಮಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ own summary (ಸಾರಾಂಶ) ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಿ. (ಒಟ್ಟು 60 ಮಾರ್ಕ್) [ಗದ್ಯಖಂಡ – ಸುಮಾರು 351 ಪದಗಳು; ಪುಟ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ 4-6] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q3-->

Write the one-word equivalent (precise term) for any FIVE of the following expressions: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q2-->

पुढील उताऱ्याचा अंदाजे एक-तृतीयांश शब्दांत सारांश लिहा. उताऱ्यात ग्रंथाळ देऊ नये. सारांश मराठीत लिहा. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q3-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.b3:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Tamil_Q5-->

हेठि डिनल टुक्कर जो सिंधी में तर्जुमो करयो : (In our democratic system, the press has a vital role … to be followed by those involved in public functioning.) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q5-->

(a) पुढील वाक्प्रचारांचा/वचनांचा अर्थ सांगून यांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा : हातावर तुरी देणे [2M] वारा पाहून घोडे फेकणे [2M] आस लागणे [2M] खिळ ठालणे [2M] वेळा मिळवणे [2M] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q6-->

Translate the following passage into BENGALI: (20 marks) "In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning."a5:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q5-->

Write an essay of about 600 words on ANY ONE of the following topics: (a) Democracy and the Freedom of Nature (b) Is the problem of drinking water about to become acute in India? (c) Preservation of International Culture: Efforts and Possibilities (d) Empty Columns Make the Loudest Noise <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q1-->

Summarise the following prose passage in about one-third of its length. Do not give it a title. The summary should be written in your own words. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q3-->

5.(a) Rewrite the following sentences as directed without changing the meaning: (i) The mangoes are too cheap to be good. (Remove ‘too’) (ii) The French surrendered Quebec to the English in 1759. (Change the Voice) (iii) Mumbai is richer than most other cities in India. (Use superlative degree) (iv) What though we happen to be late? (Change to Assertive) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-English_Q5-->

Translate the following English passage into Kannada: In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.aa:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q5-->

Q2. ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿರುವ ಗದ್ಯಭಾಗವನ್ನು ಮನಗಂಡು ಓದಿ, ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಸರಳ, ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತವಾಗಿ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿ : (ಪ್ರತಿ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗೆ 12 ಮಾರ್ಕ್; ಒಟ್ಟು 60) [ಗದ್ಯಭಾಗ – ಒಟ್ಟು ಮೂರು ಪುಟಗಳು] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q2-->

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow (12×5 = 60): <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bodo_Q2-->

Write synonyms of the following words: व्योम [1M] नीरज [1M] सौभागिनी [1M] प्रात [1M] सहोदर [1M] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q7-->

Translate the following passage into English. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q4-->

हेठि डिनल टुक्क ध्यान में पधो ऐं उन जे ठो लिखियल सुझावलनि जा जवाब सापू , सही ऐं जुच लफ्जनि में लिखो : 12×5 = 60 <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sindhi_Q2-->

पुढीलपैकी कोणत्याही एका विषयावर 600 शब्दांत निबंध लिहा : (a) लोकशाही आणि अभिव्यक्तिस्वातंत्र्य (b) भारतातील पिण्यासाठी पाण्याचे संकट (c) आदिवासी संस्कृतीचे जतन : प्रयत्न आणि शक्यता (d) विक्रया भांड्याला खडखडाट फार <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q1-->

Answer the following questions as directed: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q6-->

ఈ క్రింది తెలుగు వచనాన్ని ఆంగ్లానికి అనువదించండి : [వచనం – పేజీ 6లో ముద్రితం] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q4-->

Answer the following language tasks as directed: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Kannada_Q6-->

Use any FIVE of the following idiomatic phrases in sentences of your own (one sentence for each): हावा खाने, तीन न देखेको, आँखा फुट्नु, पेट काट्नु, इर्ष्या हुनु, काँधको फेरु, कुर्सीको काम. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q1-->

Write a summary (precis) of the following passage in your own words, reducing it to about one-third of its length. No title is required. (60 marks) [Passage in Bengali beginning with "এই উদ্ধৃতির সঙ্গে বোঝা দরকার, চিরী কোনও নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তিসম্প্রেষণে প্রতিও…"] <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Bengali_Q3-->

Read the following prose passage carefully and, in your own words, answer the questions that follow: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q2-->

Write an essay of about 600 words on any ONE of the following topics: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Tamil_Q1-->

ఈ క్రింది అంశాలలో ఏదైనా ఒకదానిని ఎంపికించుకొని దాని గురించి ఆరు వందల (600) పదాలలో వ్యాసరచన చేయండి : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q1-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.ac:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Malayalam_Q5-->

Write a précis of the following passage in Odia, reducing it to about one-third of its length (approximately 140 words) and give it an appropriate title. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Odia_Q3-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.ab:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Maithili_Q5-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.a4:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Assamese_Q5-->

Translate the following passage into English: <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Punjabi_Q4-->

Read the following passage carefully and, in clear and concise Urdu, answer the questions given below. (12 × 5 = 60) <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Urdu_Q2-->

पुढील उतारा काळजीपूर्वक वाचा आणि उताऱ्याच्या शेवटी दिलेल्या प्रश्नांची उत्तरे सुग्रथित, योग्य व संक्षिप्त भाषेत लिहा : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Marathi_Q2-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.a9:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Hindi_Q5-->

Answer the following as directed. <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Telugu_Q6-->

निम्नलिखितेषु कार्याणि सम्पादनीयानि : <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Sanskrit_Q6-->

In our democratic system, the press has a vital role. While there has been large-scale expansion of the print and visual media in recent years, a focused approach to dealing with major societal and political issues has still to evolve. There is, as yet, excessive and exaggerated coverage of exposures and scandals and far too little well-informed comment or analysis of the various deep-rooted factors which generate the continuing malaise. The media could make an extremely useful contribution by devoting adequate coverage to tasks well done, highlighting the achievements of honest and efficient public servants and organizations, according special attention to developments in the remote and backward areas of our country. Our media is free and unfettered. It should be able to expose cases and incidents involving irregular and unlawful exercise of authority and abuses of all kinds. The existing ills in our socio-political environment will, on present reckoning, take considerable time to remedy. The Department of Personnel and Administrative Reforms should focus on establishing institutions responsible for all personnel matters — appointments, postings, transfers etc. — without any external interference. Also, there is a need for adoption of a robust code of ethics to be followed by those involved in public functioning.ae:[ <!--qid:MAINS_2024_Compulsory-Nepali_Q5-->