CSAT UPSC PYQ 2026

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Real value should not change in the instance of static output cost and unchanged quantities against falling oil prices. 2. Deflators are to be used separately for inputs and outputs, and this is a practice universally adopted by all economies. Select the answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements with regard to the film 'Boong': 1. The film has recently won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award in the Children's and Family Film category. 2. The film is directed by Lakshmipriya Devi. 3. This is the first Indian film to win a BAFTA award in the Children's and Family Film category.

Consider the following statements: Every red is blue. Every blue is green. Every green is yellow. Which of the following statements represented by P, Q and R are correct? P. Every blue is yellow. Q. Every red is green. R. Every red is yellow. Select the answer using the code given below.

$P$ has a son and a daughter. $S$ is the mother of $T$. $S$ is $R$'s spouse. $Q$ and $R$ are children of $P$. Then how is $Q$ related to $S$?

Directions: Each item in this section contains a question followed by two statements. Answer each item using the following instructions and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Question : If $x$ and $y$ are integers, then is $x$ even? Statement I : $x^2 y^2$ is even. Statement II : $1 + x^2 + y^2$ is odd.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Parents are not encouraging enough when it comes to children playing sport. 2. Participation in sporting activities can help develop life skills. 3. Sport as a way of life can help evolve the very nature of society itself. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following inferences is/are correct? 1. The source of the energy we consume is the key to the battle for cleaner air. 2. Bans are effective where the will is strong and the people are convinced that such bans are for the greater good of society. 3. There is judicial approval for a policy that intervenes fiscally to facilitate benevolent pricing for cleaner fuel. Select the answer using the code given below.

For $\frac{1}{3} < x < y < 2$, which of the following statements is/are always correct? I. $x + \frac{1}{x} < y + \frac{1}{y}$ II. $\frac{\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y} < \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}$ Select the answer using the code given below.

There are two chemicals which do not react with each other. A container contains 10 litres of the chemical $A$. One litre of this chemical is removed from it and one litre of the chemical $B$ is poured. Then one litre of the mixture is removed from the container and one litre of $B$ is poured. If this process of replacing one litre of the mixture by one litre of $B$ is performed once more, then what is the volume of $B$ that is present in the container approximately (in percentage)?

Which of the following conclusions is/are correct? 1. All landlords essentially have some goodness trapped within them. 2. The common grazing grounds of a village are intended for use by the cattle of that village. 3. Landlords who believe in tradition tend to be more concerned about their tenants. 4. Winds later in the day tend to be cooler post the hot winds of the morning. Select the answer using the code given below.

If ZERO is encoded as ADSN, then how do you encode STOP?

Two identical straight rods are painted in five distinct colours so that each of them gets divided into five equal parts along the length. In one of them, the portions are marked P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 (not necessarily in that order) whereas in the other, they are marked Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 (not necessarily in that order). When the rods are kept parallel to each other side by side, P1 and Q3 match, P4 matches Q1 or Q2, and Q4 matches P3 or P5. If Q3 and Q5 are adjacent, which of the following is/are possible?Q3 is marked at the middle portion of the straight rod.P2 is marked at one of the extreme portions of the straight rod.

Consider the following statements about Mission Sudarshan Chakra of India: 1. It aims to enhance India's air defence, ballistic missile defence and aerial offensive capabilities. 2. This Mission is being designed to enhance rapid, precise, and powerful defence responses, reinforcing India's strategic autonomy. 3. One of the aims of this Mission is to cover all public places of India by an expanded nationwide security shield by 2035.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Thermal power stations in Delhi were required to summarily shut down. 2. CNG supplies had to be assur once diesel vehicles were prohibited from plying. 3. The Supreme Court banned the use of coal across the National Capital Region. Select the answer using the code given below.

$X$ and $Y$ are two runners who run for the same duration of time on the same circular track. They started running at the same time in the same direction with uniform speeds. When $X$ completed 7 rounds, $Y$ did exactly 5. After completing 5 rounds, $Y$ changed his direction and started running in the opposite direction with speed which is double of his earlier speed. On the other hand, $X$ continued to run with the same speed. They stopped running when $X$ completed exactly 21 rounds. How many times did $X$ and $Y$ meet after they had started and before they finally stopped?

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The convergence model divides nations into three phases of economic progress. 2. At the heart of the convergence theory is the closing of the gap between labour and productivity. 3. Technology leaders typically have arrived earlier at different economic eras. 4. The time period covered by the convergence theory presented herein encompasses, as mentioned, 4012200 years. Select the answer using the code given below.

The speed of a train $T$ is $100 \text{ km per hour}$ and the speed of a person $P$ is $4 \text{ km per hour}$. $T$ crosses $P$ in 15 seconds, if $P$ travels along the direction of motion of $T$. If $P$ travels along the opposite direction of $T$, then in how much time does $T$ cross $P$, in seconds, approximately?

If $x$ and $y$ are two digits and the number $4x5y790$ is divisible by 11, then what is the remainder, if $x+y$ is divided by 11?

There are four statements X, Y, Z and W with these relations: if X is incorrect then so is Z; if Y is incorrect then W is correct; if W is correct then X is incorrect. Which of the following is/are correct? [2026/16] I. If X is correct, then so is Y. II. If Z is correct, then it is not necessary that Y is correct.

Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi : 1. The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras : People, Planning, and Progress. 2. The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws. 3. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

$P$, $Q$, $R$, $S$ and $T$ are ranked 1 to 5 (not necessarily in that order). The rank of $P$ is 4, the rank of $Q$ is not 5, the rank of $R$ is 1, the rank of $S$ is not 2, the rank of $T$ is not 3. Then which of the following is/are correct? I. If the rank of $S$ is 3, then that of $T$ is 2. II. If the rank of $Q$ is 3, then that of $T$ is 5. Select the answer using the code given below.

Ms. X is a mid-level civil service official working in the urban development department of a major city. Recently, she was involved in approving a contract for a public infrastructure project — a new community park. During the approval process, she received a piece of confidential information indicating that one of the shortlisted contractors had a history of poor workmanship and allegations of corruption in other cities, though nothing had been legally proven. The Head of the Department, Mr. Y, advised her not to disclose this information to the project committee or the public because it could delay the project and damage the city's reputation. However, Ms. X believed that withholding such information compromised transparency and public trust. What amongst the following should Ms. X do now ? 1. Immediately disclose the information to the project committee and the public 2. Recommend removing the contractor from the shortlist to protect the project's integrity 3. Propose a 'limited disclosure' to an oversight committee, while keeping the information confidential from the public for the time being Select the answer using the code given below :

Which one among the following statements most appropriately reflects the point of view of the given passage?

Match List-I with List-II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Relationship category)List-II (Communication type)A. Between cricket captain and team members1. Informal and firmB. Between judge and lawyers in court2. Informal and open-endedC. Between Vice Chancellor and Deputy Registrar3. Formal and open-endedD. Between peers and coworkers4. Formal and firm Code :

There are four statements $X$, $Y$, $Z$ and $W$. Their relations are as follows: If $X$ is incorrect, then so is $Z$; if $Y$ is incorrect, then $W$ is correct; if $W$ is correct, then $X$ is incorrect. Which of the following is/are correct? I. If $X$ is correct, then so is $Y$. II. If $Z$ is correct, then it is not necessary that $Y$ is correct. Select the answer using the code given below.

An alloy $P$ contains $20\%$ copper and $80\%$ zinc by weight. Another alloy $Q$ contains $60\%$ copper and $40\%$ zinc by weight. A third alloy $R$ is to be prepared from $P$ and $Q$ so that it contains equal amount of copper and zinc. In what ratio, amounts of $P$ and $Q$ be mixed in order to get $R$?

Which of the following conclusions is/are valid? 1. Only a serious offence as categorised by the revised JJ Act, justifies the transfer of a case to the adult judicial system. 2. The JJ Act, 2021, categorises an offence as a serious offence based on the maximum sentence it carries, rather than on the minimum sentence. Select the answer using the code given below.

There are four types of weights, namely 1 kg, 2 kg, 5 kg and 10 kg. What is the maximum number of different ways one can measure 20 kg, if at least eight but not more than eleven weights of 1 kg are to be used while measuring?

Seven cubes are identical in shape. Out of these, the weight of each of the six cubes is equal and the weight of the remaining cube is less than the weight of any other cube. A balance is used to identify the lightest cube. What is the minimum number of attempts required to distinguish the odd cube with certainty?

In a recruitment process, the selection of candidates is based on their performance in three components. The weightages of the components 1, 2 and 3 are $0.2$, $0.3$ and $0.5$, respectively. Use the data given below and find the cutoff score if exactly three candidates are to be selected : CandidateScore in component 1Score in component 2Score in component 315462465332849435882

A pattern formed by two characters $a$ and $b$ is repeated more than once in the following string : x b x a x a x x a x a x bab What is $\text{x x}$ in the 7th and 8th positions from the left in the above string?

Which of the following conclusions, made on the basis of the given passage, is/are correct? 1. The advent of new customer-service technology had invariably sparked fears about job losses. 2. Often it is found that instead of job losses, alternative channels for employee engagement are discovered while certain tasks are replaced by technology. 3. The advent of technology inevitably leads to stressful outcomes. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Radical action can also be attributed to mild surrender where one acts against societal expectations. 2. Submitting to one's limitations, given the effect of age and other factors, ought not to be conflated with laziness. 3. 'Leading man' usually refers to one who plays the lead role in a movie; in this instance the implication is that Hugh Grant is performing the role of not an action hero, but that of a resting one! Select the answer using the code given below.

Match List-I (Barrier to communication) with List-II (Example): A. Semantic; B. Cognitive; C. Organisational; D. Affective. List-II: 1. Lack of feedback; 2. Misunderstanding the meaning of a word; 3. Fear of social stigma; 4. Information overload.

With reference to 'circular letters', which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Circular letters are usually addressed to a group of people. 2. Non-standard and customized content is typical of circular letters. 3. Circular letters are used to intimate appraisals and increments of employees within organisations. 4. Circular letters are less cost-effective than personalised and specific recipient-directed letters. Select the answer using the code given below.

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (INTERPOL Notice) — List II (Description) A. Silver Notice B. Blue Notice C. Black Notice D. Green Notice 1. To seek information on unidentified bodies 2. To collect additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in relation to a criminal investigation 3. To provide warning about a person's criminal activities, where the person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety 4. To identify and trace criminal assets

Which of the following statements reflect the logical and rational inferences that can be drawn from the passage? 1. HMPV has, historically, had longer documentation of studies when compared with SARS-CoV-2. 2. The two viruses are different from each other and this results in markedly different outcomes amongst those affected. 3. Long-term impacts of the two viruses are dissimilar and this is an important differentiator between them. 4. One of the common factors between the two viruses is seasonal specificity. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following statements are not correct? 1. The landholdings of Rai Sahib were currently not being used for farming. 2. Temperamentally, Rai Sahib was as greedy as other landlords. 3. It cannot be ascertained that Rai Sahib could have made some money by leasing out the grazing land. 4. It may be asserted that Rai Sahib valued his tenants and wanted to protect their livelihood. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India? 1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets 2. T-90 MK-III Tanks 3. Akula Class Submarine

In an objective type question paper, 5 marks are awarded for a correct answer and 2 marks are deducted for a wrong answer. A student attempted all the questions and got a score of 69. Had he been awarded 4 marks for a correct answer and 1 mark deducted for a wrong answer, he would have scored 84. How many questions were there in the question paper?

A person facing the East travels 4 km straight and then turns right and travels 3 km, then further turns left and travels 2 km and finally turns left and travels 3 km. The minimum distance between the final point and the initial point, and the direction in which the person is facing at the final point are, respectively

Match List-I (Tool of communication) with List-II (Purpose): A. Memorandum; B. Flyer; C. Bcc; D. Minutes. List-II: 1. To record decisions; 2. To inform confidentially; 3. To intimate a directive; 4. To disseminate non-targeted information.

Consider the following UN organisations/agencies : 1. World Food Programme 2. United Nations Children's Fund 3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 4. International Labour Organisation How many of the above has/have been awarded the Nobel Prize twice ?

The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany visited India in January, 2026. Which of the following is/are NOT correct in terms of outcomes of this visit? 1. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the University of Hamburg 2. Signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Youth Hockey Development between Hockey India and the German Hockey Federation 3. Establishment of a bilateral dialogue mechanism on the Indo-Pacific 4. Opening of an Honorary Consul of Germany in Lucknow

Seven persons $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, $E$, $F$ and $G$ travel by three cars $X$, $Y$, $Z$. $A$ and another two of them travel by $X$. Only $E$ travels with $G$. $C$ travels by $Z$, but $B$ does not travel by $Y$. Besides, $A$ and $B$ do not travel by the same car. Then which of the following are correct? I. No one travels alone. II. Only $D$ travels with $F$. III. Only $C$ travels with $B$. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following conclusions are valid? 1. Sport is more than just games; it is a way of life. 2. Sport can help mitigate the problems of seclusion among the young. 3. Earning laurels in sport can help one secure a job on the basis of an assigned quota. 4. Standard corporate sector skills cannot be learnt through sport. Select the answer using the code given below.

You are required to design a 'questionnaire' to be filled on-location by visitors, based on the following objective while writing a report : "To determine the feasibility of setting up a family-oriented vacation resort in the vicinity of a lake destination in the mountains" Which of the following heads would you include in the questionnaire to make it most appropriate for your purpose? 1. Size of family 2. Budget 3. Number of earners in the family 4. Food allergies and dietary restrictions Select the answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statements with regard to the film 'Boong' : 1. The film has recently won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Award in the Children's and Family Film category. 2. The film is directed by Lakshmipriya Devi. 3. This is the first Indian film to win a BAFTA award in the Children's and Family Film category. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Match List-I with List-II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Barrier to communication)List-II (Example)A. Semantic1. Lack of feedbackB. Cognitive2. Misunderstanding the meaning of a wordC. Organisational3. Fear of social stigmaD. Affective4. Information overload Code :

Which of the following statements with regard to the Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments is/are correct? 1. The tournaments have a shared governance structure establishing the partnership among the four Grand Slam tournaments. 2. They are open for entry to all internationally ranked tennis players above the age of 14. 3. There is a limitation on the number of 'Wild Cards' a player may receive to compete in a Grand Slam Tournament.

Directions: Each item in this section contains a question followed by two statements. Answer each item using the following instructions and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Question : If $x$, $y$ and $z$ are integers, each greater than 1, then is $x$ a prime number? Statement I : $xy^2 = 116$ Statement II : $xz = 261$

Directions: Each item in this section contains a question followed by two statements. Answer each item using the following instructions and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Question : $X$ is a collection of certain odd numbers whereas $Y$ is a collection of certain even numbers. $T$ consists of the numbers all of which are either from $X$ or from $Y$. Is every number of $T$ from $Y$? Statement I : The sum of any two numbers belonging to $T$ is even. Statement II : If both $p$ and $q$ are picked from $T$, then $(p - 1)q$ is even.

Which of the following statements with regard to the Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments is/are correct ? 1. The tournaments have a shared governance structure establishing the partnership among the four Grand Slam tournaments. 2. They are open for entry to all internationally ranked tennis players above the age of 14. 3. There is a limitation on the number of 'Wild Cards' a player may receive to compete in a Grand Slam Tournament. Select the answer using the code given below :

At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and 'Blue Transformation'. Which of the following combinations about the 'Four Betters' proposed by FAO for 'Blue Transformation' is correct?

There are three types of rectangular tiles : $3' \times 3'$, $3' \times 7'$ and $3' \times 11'$. An area of rectangular shape of dimensions $3' \times 100'$ is to be covered using these tiles without breaking them. If $x$ and $y$ are the maximum and minimum numbers of tiles of various sizes, respectively, that can be used to cover the area exactly, then $x-y$ is

The top of a table is rectangular and its dimensions are $6' \times 10'$. Two rectangular portions of the table top are painted in blue colour; both these portions have dimensions $2\cdot 5' \times 8'$ and each of them has exactly two sides common with two edges of the table top. If the table is fixed to the ground and the remaining portion of the table top is painted in white, how many different patterns are possible when observed from above?

A shopkeeper employs a delivery boy and gives him a motorcycle for home delivery. For every delivery, the boy is given ₹ 5. At the end of the day, he also gets ₹ 2 for every kilometre of the distance covered in the day. The boy wants to earn more than ₹ 500 a day, but does not want to travel more than 100 km. Which of the following numbers of deliveries would definitely meet his target?

The digit in the unit place of the number $6^{129} \times 7^{307}$ is

Directions: Each item in this section contains a question followed by two statements. Answer each item using the following instructions and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Question : $X$ receives three coins of different denominations : 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20. If the total amount received by $X$ is $m$, does $X$ receive a coin of denomination 5? Statement I : $m$ is not a prime number. Statement II : The sum of the digits of $m$ is greater than 5.

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. If an offence has no minimum prescribed punishment, it cannot be considered heinous as per the JJ Act, 2015. 2. As per the JJ Act, 2021, an offence for which there is a provision for a maximum sentence of seven years or more, but no minimum sentence, is to be considered a serious offence. Select the answer using the code given below.

'X', born in the UK, was conferred the Nobel Prize in 2025. He was a professor in an American university when this prize was announced. Identify 'X':

How many words can one form by shuffling the letters of the word QUEUE, if Q is always followed by U? The words thus formed need not necessarily have any meaning.

How many times does 5 appear in all two-digit positive integers?

Three partners $A$, $B$ and $C$ entered into a business. $A$ invested one-third of the capital for one-third duration. $B$ invested one-fourth of the capital for one-fourth duration. $C$ invested the remaining capital for the whole duration. Out of a profit of ₹ 17,000, how much profit will $C$ get?

$A$ is a 2-digit number with different digits. $B$ is also a 2-digit number and is obtained by reversing the digits of $A$. If $A-B$ is a multiple of $27$, where $A > B$, how many such different $A$'s are possible?

What is the minimum number of times one needs to measure to get 298 litres of water from a tank, if the measuring cylinders have capacities 1 litre, 6 litres, 25 litres and 100 litres?

Which of the following conclusions are correct? 1. In the breakaway phase, economic progress is slow for the technology followers. 2. In the catch-up phase, leaders stagnate and followers, therefore, close the gap between them and the leaders. 3. In the fine-tuning phase, technology is exhausted, as it were, and both leaders and followers attempt to extract leftover benefits, leading to more or less similar per capita income levels. 4. Industrial technology followed scavenging, which preceded hunting, which itself was followed by farming. Select the answer using the code given below.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) recently introduced a national standard to test and assess bomb disposal system. Which of the following statements with regard to this system is/are correct? 1. The new standard is known as IS 19445 : 2025. 2. It will improve interoperability of equipment across agencies. 3. It was developed by TBRL, DRDO in collaboration with the 30th Central Scientific Research Institute, Russia.

A train has to complete a journey of $800\text{ km}$. If it meets a minor accident, its speed becomes half of the existing speed. If there is a mechanical defect, the speed becomes one-fourth of the existing speed. On its way, the train meets with a minor accident after $200\text{ km}$; and $400\text{ km}$ thereafter, it develops a mechanical defect. Had the train developed the mechanical defect after $200\text{ km}$ and met the minor accident $400\text{ km}$ thereafter, it would have taken $4$ more hours to reach its destination. What was the original speed of the train in $\text{km per hour}$?

Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation: 1. The 'Colombo Process' is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus. 2. The 'Abu Dhabi Dialogue' is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility. 3. The 'Global Forum for Migration and Development', created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.

Which of the following assumptions is/are valid? 1. Agricultural productivity has marched ahead in the West because of the economies of scale facilitated by the adoption of AI tools. 2. Affordable AI tools rendered available in local languages can help AI-based solutions reach more and more small farmers. 3. Though penetration is as yet low, critical application areas deploying AI tools are already in use in India. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following conclusions is/are valid? 1. Though SARS-CoV-2 and HMPV are similar viruses with somewhat different epidemiology, the former became a pandemic because it was novel and people had not been exposed to it in the past. 2. The two viruses have fundamentally different impacts on human populations and should not therefore be dealt with in a similar manner. Select the answer using the code given below.

⚠️ NOTE: This question was DROPPED by UPSC in the Provisional Answer Key (Series D, 27 May 2026). 1 question was dropped overall; 99 questions taken for scoring. The dropping is consistent with the legitimate ambiguity around Statement 4 (Geneva Convention IV), which India ratified in 1950 although the Additional Protocols of 1977 remain unratified. --- Which of the following international conventions have NOT been ratified by India? 1. Employment Policy Convention 2. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention 3. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families 4. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 5. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness

If the product of the HCF and LCM of two distinct numbers is the cube of one of the numbers, then which of the following statements is/are correct? I. The difference of the numbers is an even number. II. One of the numbers is a perfect square. Select the answer using the code given below.

In a multi-ethnic district where both economic competition and historical grievances frequently led to community tensions, a flashpoint has arisen with a Government decision to allocate land for a waste management facility near a tribal hamlet, sparking protests by the tribal community, which claimed that the land was sacred and critical to their cultural identity. At the same time, urban residents and local industries supported the project, citing severe solid waste challenges and health concerns due to lack of a proper disposal site. The conflict has escalated with road blockades, social media campaigns, and allegations of police excesses. As a responsible Government official, you are tasked with resolving the situation through mediation, ensuring a sustainable outcome that balances environmental needs, tribal rights, and urban public health. Consider the following statements with reference to the above : 1. A successful conflict resolution process must begin with acknowledging the cultural concerns of the protesting tribal community before discussing technical alternatives. 2. The Government should move ahead with the project without delay to address urban health concerns, which outweigh the sentiments of a small group. 3. Creating a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform — including tribal leaders, environmental experts, and municipal representatives — to build mutual understanding and help de-escalate tensions. 4. Conducting an independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and sharing findings transparently with both sides to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Which of the statements given above would contribute to the resolution process ?

Which among the following actions would constitute the most appropriate directive(s) in resolving interpersonal conflict in an office with culturally diverse personnel? 1. Direct personnel to practise activities that are the cultural markers of diverse groups 2. Allow conflicts to resolve naturally over time to set an appropriate precedent of leadership 3. Encourage personnel to seek each other's perspectives Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following assumptions is/are valid? 1. Deflation strategies can be used to make manufacturers appear to be doing better than they actually are. 2. When input and output prices are both deflated against a single input price, it is referred to as 'double deflation'. Select the answer using the code given below.

At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and "Blue Transformation". Which of the following combinations about the "Four Betters" proposed by FAO for "Blue Transformation" is correct ?

The class average $x$ in a test increases by 4 when the score of a student is rectified, whose corrected score is 100 instead of 0. Later, the score of another student was found to have been recorded as 81 in place of 56. If there are no other corrections and the final corrected average is $y$, then $y - x$ is

Which of the following conclusions are valid? 1. Seven Sanskriti Angans, representing different regions of India, had been showcased in Kalagram. 2. Regional artistry was recognised via the inspiration drawn from iconic temples. 3. India's ancient history had been crafted by the contemporary craftsmanship of 230 artisans into creations to behold. 4. Art forms from all regions of India had been showcased in these living galleries. Select the answer using the code given below.

Eight persons $P$, $Q$, $R$, $S$, $T$, $U$, $V$ and $W$ sit around a round table in eight different seats placed with equal distance between any two consecutive seats. Both $P$ and $R$ are adjacent to $Q$. Both $T$ and $R$ are adjacent to $S$. Both $U$ and $W$ are adjacent to $V$. $S$ and $W$ are on opposite chairs. If while going in the clockwise direction around the table from $P$, one meets $R$ before $T$, then how many persons shall $Q$ cross while moving in the clockwise direction around the table before meeting $W$?

Three variables $x$, $y$ and $z$ take values $2, 3, 4$ or $5$ such that their values are always distinct. If $M$ and $N$ denote the largest possible value and the smallest possible value, respectively, for the expression {$(x \times y) + z$}; then $M - N$ is

An explosion takes place at a certain distance from an army camp. As soon as the sensor in the camp receives the sound of the explosion, a drone starts flying towards the spot of explosion. The drone clicks a picture from the spot and the camp receives it at the same time. Immediately another drone starts flying to the spot and it also sends a picture as soon as it reaches the spot. The two pictures were received at 5:02 PM and 5:05 PM, respectively. If the speed of the drones is $30 \text{ m/s}$, at what time did the explosion take place? Assume that the speed of sound is $300 \text{ m/s}$.

Match List-I with List-II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Tool of communication)List-II (Purpose)A. Memorandum1. To record decisionsB. Flyer2. To inform confidentiallyC. Bcc3. To intimate a directiveD. Minutes4. To disseminate non-targeted information Code :

The weight of $X$, in kg, is denoted by $X$. The weights of $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, $P$, $Q$, $R$ and $S$ are measured. Given : $A + B + C + D = 17$ $A + C = 6$ $P + Q + S + D = 15$ $P + Q + R + B = 17$ $P = R$ and $Q = S$ Which one of the following statements is correct?

Suppose $x$, $y$ and $z$ are variables taking positive real numbers as their possible values. It is given that $y$ is directly proportional to $x^2$ and $x$ is inversely proportional to $z$. For $z = \frac{7}{25}$, the values of $x$ and $y$ are $5$ and $50$, respectively. If $y = 98$, what is $z$ equal to?

Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Hugh Grant was watching, from the Royal Box, the men's semifinal match on Centre Court between Flavio Cobolli and Novak Djokovic. 2. The phrase 'unexpected ace' in the context uses a term from the game of tennis to highlight Hugh Grant's somewhat uncharacteristic act of catching 'forty winks'; an act that is viewed with opprobrium. 3. Grant subjects the demands of society to the wisdom of his body. Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following reflect the intent of the writer in the above passage? 1. To evolve methodologies for objective analysis of the two viruses 2. To establish the epidemiological similarities and differences between the two viruses 3. To offer a better understanding of the remedies of HMPV when analysed in conjunction with SARS-CoV-2 Select the answer using the code given below.

Which of the following statements is/are not correct? 1. Tech-savvy farmers will drive the AgTech companies of the future. 2. The development of advisory services by the government programmes for the use of AI tools in agriculture would be helpful. 3. In the US and Europe, AI tools have replaced traditional agricultural practices. 4. The integration of large datasets for use in real-time agronomic analysis is already a reality. Select the answer using the code given below.

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (UN Peacekeeping Operation) — List II (Period of Operation) A. UNMIL B. MINURCAT C. MINUSTAH D. UNMISET 1. 2007–2010 2. 2002–2005 3. 2003–2018 4. 2004–2017

A cut on a solid object divides the object into two parts where the new surfaces thus produced are plane. On the other hand, one single cut can be used to cut more than one object at a time. In an experiment, the total number of pieces produced by applying $n$ cuts is denoted by $x_n$. The experiment is performed on a solid cube where pieces remain unmoved after each cut. In this experiment, if after the third cut, the pieces are identical, then which of the following is not a possible value for $x_4$?

In a sequence of numbers, each number other than the first two is the sum of the two immediately preceding numbers from it. If the first two numbers in the sequence are 4 and 7, then the sixth number is

$X$, $Y$ and $Z$ jump forward $4'$, $6'$ and $5'$, respectively. At 8 AM, they all land on mark $199'$. How many times will they all land on the same mark (need not be at the same moment) between mark $195'$ and $1000'$, if all of them cross mark $1000'$ by 9 AM?

Consider the following three statements, namely S1, S2 and S3 : S1. Protecting the environment is an existential exigency for humans, given the impact of environmental degradation on climate change. S2. Scientific consensus has not been achieved with regard to the extent of the contribution of human intervention to climate change. S3. Environmental activism includes climate alarmism and other extremist points of view that often become the focus of climate change deniers. Which of the following relationships based on the statements given above is/are correct? 1. S3 is a counterpoint to S1 2. S3 is unconnected to S1 and S2 3. S2 could be the reason for S3 Select the answer using the code given below.

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (BIMSTEC Centre/Establishment) — List II (Location) A. BIMSTEC Cultural Industries Observatory B. BIMSTEC Energy Centre C. BIMSTEC Centre for Weather and Climate D. BIMSTEC Technology Transfer Facility 1. NOIDA 2. Bengaluru 3. Colombo 4. Thimphu

Which of the following countries are members of the European Union? 1. Belarus 2. Poland 3. Germany 4. Switzerland

A person saves 10% of his salary every month. If his salary increases by 12% and the expenditure increases by 10%, then what will be the change in his saving per month?

How many three-digit numbers can be expressed as an integral power of 2?

The ratio of male to female workers in two companies $A$ and $B$ is $13 : 10$ and $7 : 5$, respectively. If both the companies have the same number of female workers, then what is the ratio of the total number of workers in $A$ to those in $B$?

X travels 6 km on a bicycle with average speeds of 5 km per hour, 10 km per hour and 4 km per hour during the first 1 km, the next 2 km and the remaining 3 km, respectively. Y travels the same distances with average speeds of 4 km per hour, 10 km per hour and 5 km per hour, respectively. How many minutes early will Y complete the journey if both X and Y start at the same time?

A toy $T$ jumps forward or backward. In each forward jump, it moves $5'$ forward whereas in each backward jump, it moves $2'$ backward. If in 31 jumps, $T$ moves exactly $15'$ forward, then what is the difference of the number of forward and backward jumps?

If $10^m \times 1000 \times n = 75^{25} \times 25^{32} \times 32^{75}$, where $n$ is not divisible by 10, then the value of $m$ is

Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi: 1. The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras: People, Planning and Progress. 2. The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws. 3. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.

Mr. X, a senior officer, was overseeing a critical vaccination programme during a pandemic. He found that a private service provider responsible for vaccine distribution was compromising on quality to make profits. Despite immense pressure to manage the issue due to vested interests, he raised his voice based on the principles of public administration which he learnt during various training programmes attended across his career. He reported the issue to the appropriate vigilance authority and halted the contract to ensure citizen welfare. Which one among the following principles of public administration was most strongly demonstrated by Mr. X's actions ?

Directions: Each item in this section contains a question followed by two statements. Answer each item using the following instructions and mark your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. Question : For two distinct real numbers $x$ and $y$, which of them is bigger? Statement I : $x^2 < y < 1$ Statement II : $y < \sqrt{x} < 1$