GS-III UPSC PYQ 2013

Adoption of the PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free of criticism. Critically discuss pros and cons of the model. (200 words, 10 marks)

What do you understand by fixed dose drug combinations (FDCs)? Discuss their merits and demerits. (200 words, 10 marks)

Write a note on India’s green energy corridor to alleviate the problem of conventional energy. (200 words, 10 marks)

What were the reasons for the introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness. (200 words, 10 marks)

Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same. (200 words, 10 Marks)

Discuss the impact of FDI entry into multi-trade retail sector on supply chain management in commodity trade pattern of the economy. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to INDIAN ECONOMY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide FDI in Multi-brand Retail and Supply Chain Management Introduction In September 2012, India permitted up to 51% Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail trading, subject to conditions. Its most significant promised impact was on supply chain management for commodities — the chronically weak link in Indian agriculture and retail. Impact on Supply Chain Management Investment in back-end infrastructure: FDI norms required that a large share of investment go into back-end infrastructure — cold storage, warehousing, pack-houses and logistics — directly strengthening the supply chain. Shorter chains and fewer intermediaries: Organised retailers procure directly from farmers and producers, compressing the chain of middlemen between producer and consumer. easemyprep.in Reduced wastage: Better cold chains and handling cut the heavy post-harvest losses of perishables. Better price realisation and traceability: Direct sourcing improves the farmer's share of the consumer price, while modern systems bring grading, standardisation and traceability. Impact on the Commodity Trade Pattern It encourages direct farmer-to-retailer commodity flows , contract-farming linkages and aggregation; shifts trade toward graded, branded and quality-assured produce; and can improve efficiency in the movement of fruits, vegetables and food items. easemyprep.in Concerns There are concerns about the possible squeezing of small farmers and traditional intermediaries, a threat to small "kirana" retailers, and the monopsony power of large retailers. Conclusion FDI in multi-brand retail offered a route to modernise India's commodity supply chains and reduce wastage. Realising these gains depends on safeguards that make the transition inclusive for small farmers and retailers. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new Companies Bill, 2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its implementation in right earnest. Also discuss other provisions in the Bill and their implications. (200 words, 10 marks)

India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in food industry for ensuring better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement. (200 words, 10 marks)

Though India allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in what is called multi brand retail through joint venture route in September 2012, the FDI even after a year, has not picket up. Discuss the reasons. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to INDIAN ECONOMY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Why FDI in Multi-brand Retail Failed to Take Off Introduction Although India allowed up to 51% FDI in multi-brand retail through the joint-venture route in September 2012, almost no investment materialised in the following year. Several structural and political factors explain this poor response. Reasons for the Slow Uptake Political uncertainty and the state veto: The policy left implementation to state governments — foreign retailers could open stores only in states that permitted them. With many states opposed and a general election approaching, investors feared a policy reversal . Restrictive conditions: Onerous conditions — a minimum investment of US$100 million, half of it in back-end infrastructure, 30% mandatory sourcing from small Indian industries , and stores only in cities of over one million population — made the business model commercially unattractive. easemyprep.in Ambiguity in rules: Vague definitions, for example of "small industries" and the sourcing condition, created legal and operational uncertainty. Political and social opposition: Strong resistance from small "kirana" traders and political parties signalled an unstable policy environment. Better alternative routes: Foreign players preferred 100% FDI in single-brand retail, cash-and-carry wholesale and e-commerce routes, which had fewer restrictions. easemyprep.in Conclusion FDI in multi-brand retail stalled chiefly because of policy uncertainty, the state-level veto and restrictive conditions. The episode underlined that a stable, predictable and clearly defined policy framework is essential to attract long-term foreign investment. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

What are the consequences of illegal mining? Discuss the Ministry of Environment and Forest’s concept of GO AND NO -GO zones for the coal mining sector. [200 Marks,10 Marks]

Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indians. Are they competing with the MNCs satisfactorily? Discuss. (200 words, 10 marks)

What is digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Giver various salient built in features of a digital signature. (200 words, 10 Marks)

What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at state levels? Critically analyse the agricultural subsidy regime with reference to the distortions created by it. (200 words, 10 marks)

The Food Security Bill is expected to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in India. Critically discuss various apprehensions in its effective implementation along with the concerns it has generated in WTO. (200 words, 10 marks)

Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indian. Are the competing with the MNCs satisfactorily? How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to INDIAN ECONOMY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Liberalisation and Indian Companies versus MNCs Introduction The 1991 economic reforms — dismantling the "Licence-Permit Raj" and opening to foreign investment and trade — exposed Indian companies, long sheltered behind protection, to global competition. Their response over the following decades has been mixed but, on balance, increasingly competitive. Impact of Liberalisation on Indian-owned Companies Competitive shock and shake-out: The end of protection forced inefficient firms to restructure, modernise or exit; many older industrial houses declined. Modernisation and quality: Exposure to competition pushed Indian firms to upgrade technology, improve quality, cut costs and adopt global standards. easemyprep.in Access to capital and technology: Liberalised capital markets, foreign collaboration and the ability to raise funds abroad strengthened well-managed firms. Emergence of global Indian firms: Liberalisation enabled the rise of world-class Indian companies and outbound acquisitions — in IT and services (TCS, Infosys, Wipro), pharmaceuticals (Sun, Dr Reddy's and generics), automobiles and components, steel, and diversified conglomerates acquiring firms abroad. Entrepreneurship and start-ups: It unleashed a wave of new private enterprise, eventually including a vibrant start-up ecosystem. easemyprep.in Are They Competing Satisfactorily with MNCs Sectors of clear success: Indian firms compete strongly, even lead globally, in IT and IT-enabled services, generic pharmaceuticals, automobiles and auto components, and parts of finance and engineering . Several have themselves become MNCs. Sectors of limited success: In consumer electronics, high-end manufacturing, capital goods and brand-intensive FMCG , Indian firms often lag MNCs in technology, R&D and brand power; India remains import-dependent in electronics and defence equipment. Persisting handicaps: Low R&D spending, infrastructure bottlenecks, scale disadvantages, costly credit, regulatory burden and skill gaps constrain competitiveness. easemyprep.in Way Forward Raise R&D and innovation; improve infrastructure and logistics; ease regulation; leverage schemes such as Make in India , the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and start-up support; and build scale and skills. Conclusion Liberalisation made Indian companies leaner, more dynamic and, in services and select manufacturing, globally competitive. To compete satisfactorily across the board with MNCs, India must close the gaps in technology, R&D, scale and infrastructure. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

How does the 3D printing technology work? List out the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. (100 words, 5 marks)

What is the meaning of the term ‘tax expenditure’? Taking housing sector as an example, discuss how it influences the budgetary policies of the government. (200 words, 10 marks)

Enumerate the National Water Policy of India.Taking river Ganges as an example, discuss the strategies which may be adopted for river water pollution control and management and handling of hazardous wastes in India? [200 Words, 10 Marks]

What do you understand by run of the river hydroelectricity project? How is it different from any other hydroelectricity project? How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to ENVIRONEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Run-of-the-River Hydroelectricity Projects Introduction A run-of-the-river (RoR) hydroelectricity project is a type of hydropower plant that generates electricity using the natural flow and elevation drop of a river , with little or no water storage. Meaning and Working In an RoR project, a portion of the river's water is diverted — often through a small barrage or weir and a channel or tunnel — to a powerhouse, where it drives turbines, and is then returned to the river. It depends on the natural, ongoing flow of the river rather than a large stored reservoir. How It Differs from Other Hydroelectricity Projects Storage: A conventional storage or reservoir hydroelectric project builds a large dam and reservoir to store huge volumes of water; an RoR project has little or no storage — at most a small pondage for daily balancing. easemyprep.in Reliability and seasonality: A reservoir project can generate power on demand throughout the year by releasing stored water; an RoR project's output varies with the river's flow — high in the monsoon and low in the dry season — making it less firm. Submergence and displacement: Reservoir projects submerge large areas, displacing people and forests; RoR projects cause far less submergence, displacement and ecological disruption . Flood control and multipurpose use: Storage dams can provide flood control, irrigation and water supply; RoR projects are essentially single-purpose — power generation. easemyprep.in Environmental impact: RoR projects are generally seen as more environment-friendly , though they still affect river flow, fish migration and the stretch between the diversion and the powerhouse. Conclusion Run-of-the-river projects harness a river's natural flow with minimal storage, making them less disruptive than large reservoir dams — but also more dependent on seasonal flow. They are well suited to hilly, fast-flowing rivers and to a more environmentally sensitive approach to hydropower. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

How does the 3D printing technology work? List out the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide 3D printing , or additive manufacturing , is a process of creating a three-dimensional object by building it up layer by layer from a digital model — fundamentally different from traditional "subtractive" manufacturing, where material is cut or machined away from a solid block. How 3D printing technology works A digital three-dimensional model is first created using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software or by 3D-scanning an existing object. Software then "slices" the model into a large number of thin horizontal cross-sections. The 3D printer reads this data and builds the object one layer at a time , depositing or solidifying material — molten plastic filament (Fused Deposition Modelling), light-cured resin (Stereolithography), or fused powder (Selective Laser Sintering), including metal powders. Each new layer bonds to the one beneath it until the complete object is formed. easemyprep.in Advantages of the technology It enables rapid prototyping , allowing fast and inexpensive design iteration. It permits deep customisation — bespoke prosthetics, implants and dental products. It can produce complex geometries impossible by conventional methods, with minimal material waste . It supports on-demand, decentralised manufacturing , reducing inventory and transport, and is cost-effective for small batches . Disadvantages of the technology easemyprep.in It is slow and uneconomical for mass production . There are limitations in materials and object size , and printed parts can have lower strength, anisotropy and poorer surface finish . High-end machines and materials are expensive . It raises intellectual-property concerns , since objects can be copied easily, and carries a misuse risk — for example, the printing of weapons. It also involves significant energy use and post-processing . Conclusion 3D printing is a transformative technology reshaping manufacturing, health care and design. Realising its potential responsibly requires advances in speed, materials and strength, alongside a sound regulatory framework. easemyprep.in Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace? (200 words, 10 Marks)

What is an FRP composite material? How are they manufactured? Discuss their applications in aviation and automobile industry. (100 words, 5 marks)

Adaptation of PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free from criticism. Critically discuss the pros and cons of the model. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to INDIAN ECONOMY Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS3 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide The Public-Private Partnership Model in Infrastructure Introduction A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a long-term contractual arrangement in which a private partner finances, builds and operates a public infrastructure asset, sharing risks and rewards with the government. India has used PPPs widely in highways, ports, airports and power — but the model has drawn significant criticism. Pros of the PPP Model Bridges the financing gap: PPPs mobilise private capital for infrastructure when public resources are constrained, easing the fiscal burden. Efficiency and expertise: Private partners bring managerial efficiency, technology and project-execution skills, often delivering faster and at lower cost. easemyprep.in Risk sharing: Construction, operation and demand risks are allocated to the party best able to manage them. Better service and accountability: Performance-linked contracts can improve service quality and maintenance over the asset's life. Faster infrastructure creation: PPPs have accelerated highway, airport and port development. easemyprep.in Cons of the PPP Model Inequitable risk allocation: Risks have often been loaded onto the public sector or, conversely, onto the private partner, leading to disputes and stalled projects. Renegotiation and "gold-plating": Frequent renegotiation, inflated cost estimates and over-bidding (the "winner's curse") have plagued projects. User-charge burden: Tolls and tariffs can make services costly and exclude the poor, raising equity concerns. easemyprep.in Stressed assets and stalled projects: Many PPPs, especially in highways and power, became non-performing, contributing to bank NPAs. Weak regulation and contract design: Inadequate regulatory capacity, poor contract drafting and disputes delayed projects. Transparency and accountability gaps: Concerns over crony capitalism, opaque bidding and contingent liabilities on the public exchequer. easemyprep.in Way Forward The Kelkar Committee (2015) recommended better risk allocation, an independent regulatory and dispute-resolution mechanism, the "3P India" institution, renegotiation frameworks and stronger contract design. The Hybrid Annuity Model in highways improved risk balance, while InvITs and the National Monetisation Pipeline now mobilise capital in new ways. Conclusion PPPs remain indispensable for India's vast infrastructure needs, but their success depends on fair risk-sharing, robust contracts, independent regulation and transparency. Reformed PPP design — not abandonment — is the way forward. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS3 — Economy, Environment & Security Questions Download App More GS3 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Bring out the circumstances in 2005 which forced amendment to section 3(d) in the Indian Patent Law, 1970. Discuss how it has been utilized by Supreme court in its judgment rejecting Novartis patent application for “Glivec“. Discuss briefly the pros and cons of the decision. (200 words, 10 marks)

Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left- Wing Extremism. (200 words, 10 Marks)

How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar? (200 words, 10 Marks)

Discuss the rationale for introducing Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Bring out critically the reasons for the delay in roll out for its regime. (200 words, 10 marks)

What do you understand by Umpire decision review in cricket? Discuss its various components. Explain how silicon tape on the edge of a bat may fool the system? (200 words, 10 marks)

What is social networking site and what security implications do these sites present? (200 words, 10 Marks)

Establish the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation of agriculture-friendly land reforms in India. (200 words, 10 marks)

How important are vulnerability and risk assessment for pre- disaster management ? As an administrator, what are key areas that you would focus on in a Disaster Management System? [ 200 Marks, 10 Marks]