GS-IV UPSC PYQ 2022

Write short notes on the following in 30 words each: (i) Constitutional morality (ii) Conflict of interest (iii) Probity in public life (iv) Challenges of digitalization (v) Devotion to duty

“Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it.”-Dalai Lama. (150 words, 10 Marks)

What does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in conflict resolution in daily functioning? How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Ethics — the systematic study of right and wrong conduct — is not an abstract pursuit; it seeks to promote concrete goods in human life and to make individual and collective living harmonious. What ethics seeks to promote in human life The distinction between right and wrong: Ethics equips people to discern, and to choose, what is good and just. easemyprep.in Human wellbeing and flourishing: It aims at the *good life* — the genuine flourishing (*eudaimonia*) of individuals. Harmony and social cohesion: It enables peaceful, cooperative coexistence among people with different interests. Justice and fairness: It promotes the just treatment of all and the fair distribution of benefits and burdens. easemyprep.in Human dignity and respect for persons: It affirms the intrinsic worth of every individual. Trust, integrity and good character: It builds the virtues — honesty, courage, compassion — on which both individuals and institutions depend. Responsibility and accountability , and a concern for the welfare of others, including future generations. easemyprep.in In sum, ethics seeks to promote a meaningful, virtuous and harmonious life , both for the individual and for society. How ethical values assist in conflict resolution in daily functioning Empathy allows each party to understand the other's perspective, reducing hostility. Honesty and transparency build the trust without which no resolution holds. Tolerance and mutual respect make it possible to accept differences rather than fight over them. Fairness and impartiality ensure that the resolution is just and therefore acceptable to all sides. Dialogue conducted with mutual respect replaces confrontation with communication. A spirit of accommodation and compromise enables non-zero-sum, win-win outcomes. Self-control helps parties manage their emotions and avoid escalation, while forgiveness breaks cycles of resentment and revenge. Finally, a shared commitment to justice ensures that the root grievances, not merely the symptoms, are addressed. easemyprep.in Conclusion Ethics promotes the goods that make human life worth living — and ethical values, in daily functioning, supply the trust, empathy, fairness and restraint that turn conflict into cooperation. Value addition (updated 2026) What ethics seeks to promote — state it as three functions: (i) predictability of behaviour among strangers , which is what allows a stranger to accept a currency note or a patient a prescription; (ii) dignity in how persons are treated ; and (iii) a defensible method for choosing when values collide . Because a civil servant exercises delegated power over people who cannot bargain with her, these are the operating conditions of public administration, not optional refinements. easemyprep.in Supporting authorities: Aristotle's *eudaimonia* and Sen–Nussbaum capabilities for flourishing over mere survival; Fukuyama (*Trust*, 1995) — high-trust societies organise at larger scale and lower cost; Kautilya's honey-on-the-tongue metaphor and Klitgaard's equation (corruption equals monopoly plus discretion minus accountability) for why discretion without accountability corrupts. How ethical values resolve everyday conflict — name a framework instead of saying "balance is needed": Rushworth Kidder's right-versus-right paradigms (1995) — the hardest choices are not right versus wrong but truth vs loyalty, individual vs community, short-term vs long-term, justice vs mercy. Naming which pair is in play is half the resolution. easemyprep.in W.D. Ross's prima facie duties (1930) — fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, non-maleficence; each real, none absolute, judgement converts them into the *actual* duty, with non-maleficence usually weighing heaviest. The Potter Box (Ralph Potter, 1965) — facts, values, principles, loyalties . The fourth quadrant is decisive: most administrative failures are misplaced loyalty, not ignorance. Public justifiability as a test — the front-page test, Rawls's veil of ignorance and Gandhi's Talisman are three versions of one question: could I defend this decision to the person who will bear its cost? easemyprep.in Jain *anekantavada * — the many-sidedness of truth; it treats the opponent's view as a partial truth rather than an error, which is precisely the disposition the 2026 Edelman Trust Barometer finds collapsing worldwide (70% globally hesitate to trust those with different values). A defensible decision process to reproduce in the answer: establish the facts → identify stakeholders and who bears the cost of each option → name the values in conflict → apply the filters (legal, Ross's duties, utilitarian, rights, public scrutiny) → check yourself for conflict of interest and recuse if there is one → decide, record reasons in writing , and own it → review. Documentation is what makes a decision reviewable, and therefore defensible. Everyday administrative illustrations to use: a colleague's transfer request; a gift at Diwali (Rule 11, All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968); a minister's oral instruction, which *T.S.R. Subramanian v. Union of India* (2013) directed be recorded in writing. easemyprep.in Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

You are appointed as an officer heading the section in the Environment Pollution Control Board to ensure compliance and its follow-up. In that region, there were a large number of small and medium industries which had been granted clearance. You learnt that these industries provide employment to many migrant workers. Most of the industrial units have got environmental clearance certificates in their possession. The environmental clearance seeks to curb industries and projects that supposedly hamper the environment and living species in the region. But in practice most of these units remain to be polluting units in several ways like air, water and soil pollution. As such, local people encountered persistent health problems. It was confirmed that the majority of the industries were violating environmental compliance. You issued notice to all the industrial units to apply for a fresh environmental clearance certificate from the competent authority. However, your action met with hostile response from a section of the industrial units, other vested interest persons and a section of the local politicians. The workers also became very hostile to you as they felt that your action would lead to the closure of these industrial units, and the resultant unemployment will lead to insecurity and uncertainty in their livelihood. Many owners of the industries approached you with the plea that you should not initiate harsh action as it would compel them to sell their units, and cause huge Financial loss, or shortage of their products in the market. These would obviously add to the sufferings of the laborers and the consumer alike. The labor union also sent you a representation requesting against the closure of the units. You simultaneously started receiving threats from unknown corners. You however received support from some of your colleagues, who advised you to act freely to ensure environmental compliance. Local NGOs also came to your support and they demanded the closure of the polluting units immediately (a) What are the options available to you under the given situation? (b) Critically examine the options listed by you. (c) What type of mechanism would you suggest to ensure environmental compliance? (d) What are the ethical dilemmas you faced in exercising your option?

Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in the education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approvals of the competent authority. No doubt it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and the system at large. Describe and discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online methods particularly to vulnerable sections of society. (150 words, 10 Marks)

The Rules and Regulations provided to all civil servants are same, yet difference in performance exists. Discuss with illustrations. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide All civil servants operate within the same rules, regulations and structures — the same recruitment process, the same conduct rules, the same powers and the same constraints. Yet there is a striking variation in their performance and in the impact they leave behind. This proves that rules alone do not determine outcomes — it is the human and ethical factor that is decisive. Why performance differs despite identical rules Attitude and motivation: A strong sense of public-service motivation and dedication produces very different results from mere indifference or careerism. easemyprep.in Values and integrity: Honesty, commitment and a genuine concern for citizens shape how an officer uses the powers given to them. The use of discretion: Rules necessarily leave space for judgment; one officer uses that discretion creatively to help citizens, another hides behind it to do nothing. Emotional intelligence and empathy: These determine whether governance is citizen-centric or impersonal. easemyprep.in Initiative and leadership: Proactive officers go beyond minimum compliance, while passive ones practise "rule-bound minimalism". Moral courage: The willingness to take honest, difficult decisions and resist pressure varies greatly from person to person. Competence, continuous learning and innovation: The ability to find solutions within the existing rules distinguishes the effective from the ineffective. easemyprep.in Work ethic and perseverance , and the capacity to build and inspire a team . Illustrations Two officers posted to similar districts can produce vastly different results — one transforms the district through innovative schemes in education, sanitation or disaster management, while the other merely maintains the status quo. Many celebrated officers have turned around failing government schools, led successful sanitation drives, or managed disasters with distinction — all within the *same* rules that others cite as a reason to do nothing. easemyprep.in Conclusion Rules provide only the framework; it is the character, attitude, competence, empathy and ethics of the individual that breathe life into them. This is precisely why the state increasingly emphasises values, attitude and capacity building — through initiatives such as Mission Karmayogi — to ensure that every civil servant uses the same rules to deliver the best for citizens. Value addition (2024–26 update) Updates (2024–26): Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act 2023 decriminalised 180+ minor offences — the enabler-not-regulator shift in law. Aspirational Districts & Blocks Programme = data-driven, convergence-led facilitation. Karmayogi Saptah (Oct 2024) pushes competency + citizen-centric mindset. easemyprep.in Diagram cue: regulator (gate) to enabler (bridge) — from controlling to connecting citizens to opportunity. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. Do you agree that such preoccupation leads to travesty of justice and good governance? How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide The statement holds that wisdom lies in selective attention — in discerning what truly deserves to be reckoned with and what may be set aside. The question asks whether such "overlooking" leads to a travesty of justice and good governance. The answer is nuanced — it depends on *what* is being overlooked, and *why*. When selective attention is genuine wisdom No leader or administrator can attend to everything; prioritisation is essential to effective governance. Wisely overlooking the trivial, the minor and the petty in order to focus energy on what is substantive is a sign of mature judgment. It means not getting bogged down in technicalities — focusing on the substance rather than the mere form — avoiding micromanagement, and even showing magnanimity by forgiving small, honest lapses. In this sense, I agree that wise overlooking aids good governance. easemyprep.in When such "overlooking" becomes a travesty of justice and governance The same preoccupation becomes dangerous, however, when what is overlooked is not trivial at all . It is a travesty of justice when serious wrongs — corruption, abuse of power, injustice — are deliberately ignored as "not worth reckoning with". It is a travesty when overlooking is driven by bias and favouritism — ignoring the faults of the powerful while scrutinising the weak. It becomes complicity when it is wilful blindness , a way of avoiding responsibility, or when it means overlooking the grievances and voices of the marginalised or the warning signs that precede a disaster. A balanced view easemyprep.in I therefore partly agree . *Wise* selective attention is necessary and good. But it degenerates into a travesty when "overlooking" is driven by convenience, cowardice, prejudice or self-interest rather than genuine wisdom. The crucial test is honest: *is something being overlooked because it is genuinely unimportant, or because attending to it is inconvenient?* Conclusion True wisdom lies in overlooking the trivial , but never the unjust . Justice and good governance demand that fundamental matters — rights, corruption and the cry of the weak — are never set aside. easemyprep.in Value addition (2024–26 update) Updates and anchors (2024–26): Good governance = UN 8 attributes; constitutional morality (Ambedkar; SC in Kesavananda, Manoj Narula, Navtej Johar) and social capital (Putnam) are its enablers. Devolution gap persists — 73rd/74th funds-functions-functionaries to PRIs/ULBs under-realised. NITI Aayog SDG India Index tracks SDG-16 and SDG-10; participatory models (Kerala People Plan, social audits) link participation to effectiveness. Diagram cue: virtuous cycle — capable institutions to participation to trust (social capital). Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Ramesh is a State Civil Services Officer who got the opportunity of getting posted to the capital of a border State after rendering 20 years of service. Ramesh's mother has recently been diagnosed with cancer and has been admitted in the leading cancer hospital of the city. His two adolescent children have also got admission in one of the best public schools of the town. After settling down in his appointment as Director in the Home Department of the State, Ramesh got a confidential report through intelligence sources that illegal migrants are infiltrating in the State from the neighboring country. He decided to personally carry out surprise checks of the border posts along with his Home Department team. To his surprise, he caught red-handed two families of 12 members infiltrated with the connivance of the security personnel at the border posts. On further inquiry and investigation, it was found that after the migrants from neighboring countries infiltrate, their documentation like Aadhaar Card, Ration Card and Voter Card are also forged and they are made to settle down in a particular area of the State. Ramesh prepared the detailed and comprehensive report and submitted it to the Additional Secretary of the State. However, he was summoned by the Additional Home Secretary after a week and was instructed to withdraw the report. The Additional Home Secretary informed Ramesh that the report submitted by him has not been appreciated by the higher authorities. He further cautioned him that if he fails to withdraw the confidential report, he will not only be posted out from the prestigious appointment from the State capital but his further promotion which is due in near future will also get in jeopardy. (a) What are the Department options available to Ramesh as the Director of the Home Department of the bordering State? (b) What option should Ramesh adopt and why? (c) Critically evaluate each of the options. (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh? (e) What policy measures would you suggest to combat the menace of infiltration of illegal migrants from the neighboring country?

Whistleblower, who reports corruption and illegal activities, wrongdoing and misconduct to the concerned authorities, runs the risk of being exposed to grave danger, physical harm and victimization by the vested interests, accused persons and his team. What policy measures would you suggest to strengthen the protection mechanism to safeguard the whistleblower? (150 words, 10 Marks)

Is CSR efficient and sufficient to fulfill corporate social responsibilities? Critically examine. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was made mandatory in India by the Companies Act, 2013 (Section 135) , which requires qualifying companies to spend at least 2% of their average net profits on CSR activities. Whether this mandated CSR is *efficient and sufficient* to fulfil corporate social responsibilities deserves critical examination. Arguments that CSR is efficient and beneficial It channels significant resources into social development — education, health, sanitation, skilling and the environment. It brings corporate management and efficiency to social projects, and supplements government efforts in development. The legal requirement of disclosure introduces a measure of accountability. CSR funds have supported notable projects and contributed substantially to disaster relief and to the COVID-19 response. easemyprep.in Arguments that CSR is neither efficient nor sufficient "Tick-box" compliance: CSR is often treated as a mere legal obligation to be discharged, not as a genuine sense of responsibility. Window-dressing and "greenwashing": Much CSR is undertaken to burnish corporate image rather than to create real, measurable social impact. easemyprep.in Geographic skew: Funds tend to concentrate in already-developed areas or near company locations, rather than reaching the neediest regions. Fragmentation: Scattered, small projects often lack focus and lasting impact, and there are instances of diversion through fake NGOs. A reductive view of responsibility: Mandated CSR narrows the broad idea of corporate responsibility down to "2% spending". A company may continue to pollute, exploit labour or evade tax while still "doing CSR" — yet genuine corporate social responsibility is far broader : ethical business conduct, fair wages, environmental stewardship and honest tax-paying — the "triple bottom line" of people, planet and profit. easemyprep.in Not a substitute for the state: CSR cannot replace the government's own responsibility for public welfare. A critical conclusion CSR is a useful supplement, but by itself it is neither fully efficient nor sufficient . True corporate social responsibility means embedding ethics and sustainability into the core of business conduct — not merely setting aside 2% for philanthropy. CSR achieves its purpose only when it flows from genuine responsibility, is strategically focused, transparently monitored, and accompanied by ethical conduct in every other aspect of the business. easemyprep.in Value addition (2024–26 update) Regulatory updates (2024–26): SEBI BRSR Core (Dec 2024) — nine ESG KPIs with assurance; mandatory ESG value-chain disclosure for the top 250 listed firms (from FY 2025-26). SEBI Dec 2024–Mar 2025 circulars tightened independent-director independence, related-party transactions and integrated filings; NFRA strengthened auditor oversight. CSR (NSE-listed): ₹17,967 crore FY 2023-24 (+16%) rising to ₹22,212 crore FY 2024-25 (+23%). Diagram cue: corporate-governance triangle — Board to Auditors (NFRA) to Shareholders/stakeholders. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Prabhat was working as Vice President (Marketing) at Sterling Electric Ltd., a reputed multinational company. But presently the company was passing through the difficult times as the sales were continuously showing a downward trend in the last two quarters. His division, which hitherto had been a major revenue contributor to the company's financial health, was now desperately trying to procure some big government order for them. But their best efforts did not yield any positive success or breakthrough. His was a professional company and his local bosses were under pressure from their London-based HO to show some positive results. In the last performance review meeting taken by the Executive Director (India Head), he was reprimanded for his poor performance. He assured them that his division is working on a special contract from the Ministry of Defence for a secret installation near Gwalior and tender is being submitted shortly. He was under extreme pressure and he was deeply perturbed. What aggravated the situation further was a warning from the top that if the deal is not clinched in favor of the company, his division might have to be closed and he may have to quit his lucrative job. There was another dimension which was causing him deep mental torture a and agony. This pertained to his personal precarious financial health. He was a single earner in the family with two school-college going children and his old ailing mother. The heavy expenditure on education and medical was causing a big strain to his monthly pay packet. Regular EMI for housing loans taken from banks was unavoidable and any default would render him liable for severe legal action. In the above backdrop, he was hoping for some miracle to happen. There was a sudden turn of events. His secretary informed that a gentleman-SubhashVerma wanted to see him as he was interested in the position of Manager which was to be filled by him in the company. He further brought to his notice that his CV has been received through the office of the Minister of Defence. During the interview of the candidate-Subhash Verma, he found him technically sound, resourceful and an experienced marketeer. He seemed to be well-conversant with tendering procedures and having a knack of follow-up and liaising in this regard. Prabhat felt that he was a better choice than the rest of the candidates who were recently interviewed by him in the last few days. Subhash Verma also indicated that he was in possession of the copies of the bid documents that the Unique Electronics Ltd. would be submitting the next day to the Defence Ministry for their tender. He offered to hand over those documents subject to his employment in the company on suitable terms and conditions. He made it clear that in the process, the Sterling Electric Ltd. could outbid their rival company and get the bid and hefty Defence Ministry order. He indicated that it will be a win-win situation for both-him and the company. Prabhat was absolutely stunned. It was a mixed feeling of shock and thrill. He was uncomfortable and perspiring. If accepted, all his problems would vanish instantly and he may be rewarded for securing the much awaited tender and thereby boosting the company's sales and financial health. He was in a fix as to the future course of action. He was wonder-struck at the guts of Subhash Verma in having surreptitiously removed his own company papers and offering to the rival company for a job. Being an experienced person,he was examining the pros and cons of the proposal/situation and he asked him to come the next day. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. (b) Critically examine the options available to Prabhat in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Prabhat and why?

Apart from intellectual competence and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations (150 words, 10 Marks )

In the contemporary world, the corporate sector’s contribution in generating wealth and employment is increasing. In doing so, they are bringing in unprecedented onslaught on the climate, environmental sustainability and living conditions of human beings. In this background, are Responsibility (CSR) efficient and sufficient enough to fulfill the social roles and responsibilities needed in the corporate work mandated? Critically examine. (150 words, 10 Marks)

“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher.” – Abdul Kalam. (150 words, 10 Marks)

The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are the same, yet there is a difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favor of the case and achieve success, whereas negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations. (150 words, 10 Marks)

Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do.’-Potter Stewart. (150 words, 10 Marks)

The Supreme Court has banned mining in the Aravalli Hills to stop degradation of the forest cover and to maintain ecological balance. However, the stone mining was still prevalent in the border district of the affected State with connivance of certain corrupt forest officials and politicians. Young and dynamic SP who was recently posted in the affected district promised to himself to stop this menace. In one of his surprise checks with his team, he found a truck loaded with stone trying to escape the mining area. He tried to stop the truck but the truck driver overran the police officer, killing him on the spot and thereafter managed to flee. Police filed an FIR but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost three months. Ashok who was the Investigative Journalist working with leading TV channel, suo-moto started investigating the case. Within one month, Ashok got breakthrough by interacting with local people, stone mining mafia and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented it to the CMD of the TV channel. He exposed in his investigative report the complete nexus of the stone mafia working with the blessing of corrupt police and civil officials and politicians. The politician who was involved in the mafia was no one else but a local MLA who was considered to be very close to the Chief Minister. After going through the investigative report, the CMD advised Ashok to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. He informed that the local MLA was not only the relative of the owner of the TV channel but also had unofficially 20 percent share in the channel. The CMD further informed Ashok that his further promotion and hike in pay will be taken care of in addition the soft loan of `10 lakhs which he has taken from the TV channel for his son's chronic disease will be suitably adjusted if he hands over the investigative report to him. (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation? (b) Critically evaluate/examine each of the options identified by Ashok. (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok? (d) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why? (e) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant?

Rakesh was working as Joint Commissioner in the Transport Department of a city. As a Part of his Job profile, among others, he was entrusted with the task of overseeing the control and functioning of the City Transport Department. A case of strike by the drivers' union of City Transport Department over the issue of Compensation to a driver who died on duty while driving the bus came up before him for decision in the matter. He gathered that the driver (deceased) was plying Bus No. 528 which Passed through busy and congested roads of the city. It so happened that near an intersection on the way, there was an accident involving the bus and a car driver by a middle-aged man. It was found that there was an altercation between the driver and the car driver. Heated arguments between them led to a fight and the driver gave him a blow. Lot of passersby had gathered and tried to intervene but without success. Eventually, both of them were badly injured and profusely bleeding and were taken to the nearby hospital. The driver succumbed to the injuries and could not be saved. The middle-aged driver's condition was also critical but after a day, he recovered and was discharged. Police had immediately arrived at the spot of the accident and an FIR was registered. Police investigation revealed that the quarrel in question was started by the bus driver and he had resorted to physical violence. There was an exchange of blows between them. The City Transport Department management is considering not giving any extra compensation to the driver's (deceased) family. The family is very aggrieved, depressed and agitated against the discriminatory and non-sympathetic approach of the City Transport Department management. The bus driver (deceased) was 52 years of age, was survived by his wife and two school-college going daughters. He was the sole earner of the family. The City Transport Department workers' union took up this case and when found no favorable response from the management, decided to go on strike. The union's demand was two-fold. First was full extra compensation as given to other drivers who died on duty and secondly employment to one family member. The strike has continued for 10 days and the deadlock remains. (a) What are the options available to Rakesh to meet the above situation? (b) Critically examine each of the options identified by Rakesh. (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rakesh? (d) What course of action would Rakesh adopt to diffuse the above situation ?

You have done MBA from a reputed institution three years back but could not get campus placement due to COVID-19 generated recession. However, after a lot of persuasion and a series of competitive tests including written and interview, you managed to get a job in a leading shoe company. You have aged parents who are dependent and staying with you. You also recently got married after getting this decent job. You were allotted the Inspection Section which is responsible for clearing the final product. In the first one year, you learnt your job well and was appreciated for your performance by the management. The company has been doing good business for the last five years in the domestic market and this year it is even decided to export to Europe and Gulf countries. However, one large consignment to Europe was rejected by their Inspecting Team due to certain poor quality and was sent back. The top management ordered that ibid consignment to be cleared for the domestic market. As a part of the Inspecting Team, you observed the glaring poor quality and brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander. However, the top management advised all the members of the team to overlook these defects as the management cannot bear such a huge loss. Rest of the team members except you promptly signed and cleared the consignment for the domestic market, overlooking glaring defects. You again brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander that such consignment, if cleared even for the domestic market, will tarnish the image and reputation of the company and will be counter-productive in the long run. However, you were further advised by the top management that if you do not clear the consignment, the company will not hesitate to terminate your services citing certain innocuous reasons. (a) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you as a member of the Inspecting Team? (b) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you. (c) What option would you adopt and why? (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you? (e) What can be the consequences of overlooking the observations raised by the inspecting Team?

Discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online methods, particularly for vulnerable sections of society. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide The growing shift to online methods for delivering services, education, work and welfare brings real gains in efficiency and reach. But it also raises distinct ethical issues — and these fall most heavily on the vulnerable sections of society : the poor, the elderly, the disabled, rural populations, the illiterate, women and tribal communities. Ethical issues in the use of online methods The digital divide and exclusion: Those who lack devices, internet connectivity or digital skills are simply left out. When essential services move online, this exclusion violates the principles of equity and the right to services . easemyprep.in Denial of entitlements: Online-only or biometric-dependent systems can wrongly exclude genuine beneficiaries — failures in Aadhaar authentication, for instance, have at times led to the denial of rations to those most in need, in some cases with tragic consequences. This is a direct ethical failure of non-maleficence and justice . Digital illiteracy and exploitation: The vulnerable, unable to navigate online systems themselves, become dependent on intermediaries who may exploit, overcharge or deceive them. Privacy and data security: The sensitive personal data of vulnerable groups is collected with consent that is rarely genuinely informed, and is exposed to breaches and misuse. easemyprep.in Cyber fraud: The poor and the digitally inexperienced are easy targets for online scams, losing money they cannot afford. Loss of the human interface: Empathy, discretion and the chance to explain one's case are lost in impersonal systems where "the computer says no", weakening accountability. Accessibility and the gender gap: Online systems are often not designed for the disabled, and a persistent gender gap in digital access deepens the exclusion of women. easemyprep.in The way forward The ethical principles at stake — equity, justice, inclusion, dignity and the right to services — demand a hybrid approach : retaining offline options alongside online ones, providing assisted digital access through Common Service Centres, investing in digital literacy , ensuring accessible design , robust data protection under the DPDP Act, and effective grievance redressal . Above all, no citizen should ever be denied an entitlement merely for want of digital access. Conclusion easemyprep.in Technology must serve as an enabler, never a barrier . Online methods are ethical only when they are inclusive — when, in keeping with the principle of "leave no one behind", they reach even the most vulnerable. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is not rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate. (150 words, 10 Marks)

It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure the smooth functioning of an organization/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day-to-day functioning? (150 words, 10 Marks)

The Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affair. (150 words, 10 Marks)

What do you understand by ‘good governance’? How far have e-Governance initiatives helped beneficiaries? Illustrate. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Good governance refers to the manner in which power and authority are exercised in the management of a country's affairs. It is governance that is participatory, transparent, accountable, responsive, equitable, effective and efficient, consensus-oriented and based on the rule of law — the eight characteristics identified by the United Nations. Understanding good governance In essence, good governance means citizen-centric, corruption-free, ethical and effective administration , in which the state serves the people, respects their rights, delivers services fairly, and remains answerable for its actions. It is the practical translation of the constitutional ideals of justice, liberty, equality and the welfare of all. easemyprep.in How e-Governance initiatives have helped beneficiaries e-Governance — the use of information technology to deliver public services — has significantly advanced several pillars of good governance. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): By transferring subsidies, pensions and scholarships straight into bank accounts, DBT has eliminated middlemen and "ghost" beneficiaries — the PAHAL scheme for LPG subsidy is a notable example — ensuring that benefits reach the genuine poor. easemyprep.in The JAM trinity (Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile) has enabled financial inclusion and the accurate, leak-proof targeting of welfare. Last-mile delivery: Common Service Centres bring digital services to rural India; DigiLocker and UMANG give citizens easy access to documents and services; online portals deliver passports, certificates, land records and grievance redressal (CPGRAMS). e-NAM helps farmers obtain better prices, and the computerisation of the Public Distribution System has reduced leakages. easemyprep.in CoWIN managed one of the world's largest vaccination drives, and eSanjeevani brought telemedicine to remote areas. The benefits to citizens are tangible — transparency, reduced corruption, savings of time and cost, convenience, and freedom from harassment . Limitations easemyprep.in The gains are constrained by the digital divide , poor connectivity, low digital literacy, and exclusion errors where genuine beneficiaries are wrongly denied entitlements, along with data-privacy concerns. Conclusion e-Governance has been a powerful instrument of good governance, making the state more transparent and responsive. To be truly inclusive , however, it must be paired with the bridging of the digital divide, so that no citizen is left behind. easemyprep.in Value addition (2024–26 update) Latest data (2024–26): UPI is the world largest real-time payments system — 20 billion+ transactions/month and ~₹24 lakh crore/month in 2025 (NPCI). Aadhaar ~1.4 billion (~99% adults); DigiLocker ~67 crore users, 950+ crore documents; UMANG 2,400+ services. DBT saved ₹3.48 lakh crore (2009–24); India signed DPI-sharing MoUs with 23 countries. Good governance (UN 8 attributes) is the goal; e-gov the tool. Diagram cue: e-governance maturity ladder — Broadcast to Interactive to Transactional to Connected. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion facilitate civil servants. Explain with illustrations. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide Beyond intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are vital aptitudes for an effective civil servant. Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person's feelings and perspective; compassion is empathy translated into the genuine desire — and action — to relieve another's suffering. How empathy and compassion facilitate civil servants They make governance citizen-centric: Empathy allows an official to grasp the real needs, hardships and circumstances of citizens, rather than viewing them merely as files or statistics. easemyprep.in They improve service delivery: Schemes and services designed and delivered from the beneficiary's point of view are more effective and accessible. They ensure inclusiveness: Compassion sensitises an officer to the marginalised and vulnerable — the poor, the disabled, the elderly — who most need the state's help. They build trust: Citizens trust and cooperate with an administration they experience as humane. easemyprep.in They aid conflict resolution and crisis management: Understanding all sides helps resolve disputes, and disaster relief carried out with compassion preserves human dignity. They strengthen leadership: Empathy enables an officer to understand and motivate subordinates. They enrich ethical reasoning: Empathy informs moral judgment and guards against the callous, purely "rule-bound" injustice that ignores the human being behind the case. easemyprep.in Illustrations A District Collector who personally visits a flood-hit village, listens to the victims and expedites relief embodies compassionate governance. An officer who quietly simplifies cumbersome procedures for a disabled or elderly applicant practises empathy. During the COVID-19 migrant crisis, officials who arranged food, shelter and transport with sensitivity made a vast human difference — in sharp contrast to a rigid, rule-bound official who denies a genuine case for want of a minor document. Conclusion easemyprep.in Empathy and compassion can and must be cultivated — through field exposure, training and programmes such as Mission Karmayogi. They are what transform administration from the mere enforcement of rules into genuine, humane public service . Value addition (2024–26 update) Updates (2024–26): Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act 2023 decriminalised 180+ minor offences — the enabler-not-regulator shift in law. Aspirational Districts & Blocks Programme = data-driven, convergence-led facilitation. Karmayogi Saptah (Oct 2024) pushes competency + citizen-centric mindset. Diagram cue: regulator (gate) to enabler (bridge) — from controlling to connecting citizens to opportunity. easemyprep.in Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.

What do you understand about the term ‘good governance’? How far have recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples. (150 words, 10 Marks)

What ethical issues are crucial when launching and continuing the Russia-Ukraine war? Illustrate. How to approach this question Write a brief introduction setting context ( 1–2 lines ) Cover both sides if question says "critically discuss / examine / analyse" Use data, schemes, examples specific to PART A Conclude with a forward-looking statement ( 1 line ) Practice all GS4 Mains questions Model answers + key points for every question Open App Model Answer Framework (English) Show Hide The Russia-Ukraine war raises profound ethical issues, best examined through the lens of just war theory — which addresses both the ethics of *going to war* and the ethics of its *conduct* — and of broader moral principles. Ethical issues in launching the war (jus ad bellum) Violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity: Armed aggression against a sovereign nation breaches the most basic norm of international ethics and the UN Charter. easemyprep.in The absence of a just cause: Just war theory requires a genuine just cause, such as self-defence; aggression for territorial or strategic gain does not qualify. Failure of last resort: War is ethically permissible only when all peaceful means — diplomacy, negotiation, mediation — have genuinely been exhausted. Legitimate authority and right intention are equally in question where the war serves expansionist ends. easemyprep.in Ethical issues in continuing the war (jus in bello) Civilian suffering: The principle of distinction requires that combatants be separated from civilians, and the principle of proportionality forbids excessive force; large-scale civilian casualties violate both. Humanitarian crisis: Mass displacement, a flood of refugees and the destruction of cities inflict immense human suffering. easemyprep.in Attacks on civilian infrastructure: Strikes on hospitals, schools and energy systems are gravely unethical. Nuclear risk: Threats involving nuclear weapons, and danger to nuclear plants such as Zaporizhzhia, imperil all humanity. Harm to third parties: The war's disruption of global food and energy supplies has hit poor and developing nations hardest — an ethical wrong done to those who had no part in the conflict. easemyprep.in Prolongation of the war: The continued supply of arms, and the commercial interests served by it, raise the ethical question of who benefits from the war's continuation. Broader ethical considerations At stake are the sanctity of human life, our common humanity, the duty to prefer dialogue and diplomacy over war, and the responsibility of powerful nations and the international community to seek peace. India's position — that "this is not an era of war", and its consistent call for dialogue and diplomacy — reflects these principles. easemyprep.in Conclusion The launching and the continuation of the war represent an ongoing ethical failure. The moral imperative is unambiguous: a return to dialogue, respect for sovereignty, and the protection of innocent human life. Source: easemyprep.in Structured Mains Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View इस प्रश्न को हिंदी में पढ़ें हिंदी में पढ़ें → Structured Preparation Mains Mastery Programme Master Every GS Theme — GS1 to GS4 Theme-first. PYQ-anchored. You write every answer. All themes + all PYQs covered 2-Month or 4-Month track Starting ₹4,999 View GS4 Ethics Mastery · Now Live Ethics Mastery — 2 Questions Daily All GS4 PYQs · Part A + Part B Ethical lens built through daily practice Concept clarity + case study method Starting ₹1,999 View Practice All Mains GS4 — Ethics & Integrity Questions Download App More GS4 Questions Ease My Prep Focused UPSC preparation. Daily current affairs, PYQ practice, trend analysis, and mentorship for serious CSE aspirants across India. Based in Gurugram, Haryana · Founded 2022 Product Features Pricing AI Copy Checking Courses Daily News Mentorship Books Blog Company About Us Community Contact Legal Privacy Policy Terms of Service Refund Policy 📱 Android App 🍎 iOS App 🌐 Web App © 2022 – 2026 Ease My Prep . All rights reserved. Made with dedication for UPSC aspirants across India.