Medical Science UPSC PYQ 2017

Describe the mechanism of action of sulfonamides. Also describe which methods bacteria employ to develop resistance to it.

How will you assess that the injury is 'Grievous Hurt' as per Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code? Illustrate with examples.

Define neoplasm. List five differences between benign and malignant neoplasm.

A 30-year-old labourer, with high fever of three days duration, was brought to emergency in hospital in semiconscious state. How will you diagnose and manage Japanese Encephalitis?

A 75-year-old male presented with acute retention of urine with haematuria. On per rectal examination, hard nodular prostatic enlargement is present. Outline the management of the above-mentioned condition.

What are the primary objectives of 'Janani Suraksha Yojana'?

What is the significance of trans-fatty acids from public health viewpoint?

What are the salient features of this scheme?

Explain the reasons for the following: Thiazides are useful in nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus.

Discuss acute paracetamol poisoning emphasizing on mechanism of toxicity and its treatment.

Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), what are the changes being carried out in the rural healthcare infrastructure in order to strengthen it?

Write in short about Embalming. (b) Describe microscopically, the cellular components of lungs. Add a note on fetal distress syndrome. (c) Describe the developmental component and nerve supply of the tongue. (d) Describe the functions of spinocerebellum. (e) Tabulate the findings of various biochemical tests in blood and urine of patients of pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice.

A 5-year-old male child presents with generalized itchy excoriated papules over trunk, limbs and genitals of two weeks duration. There were few papulovesicles on palms and soles. His other sibling had similar skin problem. What is the cause for his condition?

A 35-year-old male sustains road traffic accident. On general examination, he is oriented and pale, pulse rate 120/minute, BP 90/60 mm of Hg, respiratory rate 32/minute. Chest contusion is present and right chest wall with decreased movement. On auscultation decreased breathing sound (Rt) with stony dullness (Rt) on percussion. Discuss the differential diagnosis.

A 75-year-old male presented with acute retention of urine with haematuria. On per rectal examination, hard nodular prostatic enlargement is present. Discuss the diagnosis and its investigation.

A 25-year-old male presented with history of off and on central abdominal distension with evening rising temperature and weight loss. On abdominal examination, firm, non-tender lump is present in right iliac fossa. Discuss the differential diagnosis of the above-mentioned case.

(a) A 20-year-old young man was brought to the casualty with severe headache. His blood pressure was 220/130 mm of Hg. On previous two occasions also his BP was recorded very high. What is the differential diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage him? (b) A 3-year-old child presents with generalized oedema. (i) Enlist the differential diagnosis. (ii) Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. (iii) Outline the treatment of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. (c) A 5-year-old male child presents with generalized itchy excoriated papules over trunk, limbs and genitals of two weeks duration. There were few papulovesicles on palms and soles. His other sibling had similar skin problem. (i) What is the likely diagnosis? (ii) What is the cause for his condition? (iii) Enumerate the various topical preparations available to treat this condition. Describe the method of application of one preparation.

Name opportunistic fungal (two) and parasitic (two) agents causing infections in an HIV patient. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of any one of them. [Printed marks for this subpart: 7.5]

Mention the measures to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection.

(a)(i) Describe the functions of basal ganglia in voluntary actions. (ii) Compare the functions of basal ganglia with primary cortex. (b) Describe the gross anatomy, innervation and applied importance of the urinary bladder. Add a note on autonomous bladder. (c) Discuss the principle of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology and outline the steps involved. Write its clinical application.

Explain the challenges in epidemiology and control measures in malaria. Discuss its laboratory diagnosis.

'The End TB Strategy' is a logical evolution and a paradigm shift from the past global TB strategies. What are its vision, goal, milestones and target indicators that are set to be achieved in specific future years?

Describe the characteristic changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus during erythropoiesis.

Show the sucking reflex through a diagram. Describe positive and negative feedback actions of estrogen.

Discuss briefly the mechanism of action, uses and side effects of the following: Griseofulvin

Describe the gross and microscopic features of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis.

(a) A 40-year-old female fair in colour presented in casualty department with history of severe upper abdominal pain and vomiting after heavy fatty meal. On examination, tenderness is present in right hypochondrium. (i) What is the diagnosis of the above-mentioned clinical condition, its etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis? (ii) Outline the management of chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. (b) A 75-year-old male presented with acute retention of urine with haematuria. On per rectal examination, hard nodular prostatic enlargement is present. (i) Discuss the diagnosis and its investigation. (ii) Outline the management of the above-mentioned condition. (c) Enumerate commonly used methods of female sterilization. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? (d) Define Assisted Reproductive Technology. Mention briefly the commonly used reproductive technologies. What are the indications and contraindications of each method? (e)(i) What are trans-fatty acids? (ii) Which foods are major source of trans-fatty acids? (iii) What is the significance of trans-fatty acids from public health viewpoint?

A 40-year-old chronic alcoholic male presents himself with ascites, splenomegaly, jaundice and hematemesis. What is the reason for hematemesis?

Name opportunistic fungal (two) and parasitic (two) agents causing infections in an HIV patient. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of any one of them.

A baby is delivered at 34 weeks of gestation; develops respiratory distress soon after birth. Outline the management of the baby.

A 45-year-old gentleman, agriculturist by occupation, presents with recurrent itchy scaly lesions over face and limbs of one year duration. Examination revealed hyperpigmented scaly lesions over face, neck and upper and lower limbs. There were involvement of skin creases, eyelids, retroauricular areas and nasolabial folds. He gave history of photosensitivity. How will you treat this gentleman?

A 40-year-old chronic alcoholic male presents himself with ascites, splenomegaly, jaundice and hematemesis. What is the likely disease in the liver?

A 35-year-old male sustains road traffic accident. On general examination, he is oriented and pale, pulse rate 120/minute, BP 90/60 mm of Hg, respiratory rate 32/minute. Chest contusion is present and right chest wall with decreased movement. On auscultation decreased breathing sound (Rt) with stony dullness (Rt) on percussion. How would you investigate?

A 20-year-old young man was brought to the casualty with severe headache. His blood pressure was 220/130 mm of Hg. On previous two occasions also his BP was recorded very high. What is the differential diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage him?

A 30-year-old female presents with itchy lesions over upper and lower limbs of one month duration. On examination, multiple discrete flat-topped skin-coloured and violaceous papules were present around ankles, wrist and forearms. How will you treat this lady?

Which of the existing programmes of Health and Family Welfare have been integrated into the National Rural Health Mission?

Describe the gross and microscopic appearance of post-primary tuberculosis of lung.

A 2-month-old infant presents with Central Cyanosis. He had two episodes of cyanotic spells. Enlist the differential diagnosis of Congenital Cyanotic Heart Diseases with reduced pulmonary blood flow.

Which foods are major source of trans-fatty acids?

Discuss the pathogenesis of enteric fever. What are the different mechanisms by which salmonella acquires antimicrobial resistance?

Give the anatomic basis of black eye.

A 30-year-old female presents with itchy lesions over upper and lower limbs of one month duration. On examination, multiple discrete flat-topped skin-coloured and violaceous papules were present around ankles, wrist and forearms. What are the tests will you perform to confirm the diagnosis?

(a) Define Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH). What are the causes of PPH? How would you manage the case of PPH just after delivery? Discuss the preventive measures for control of PPH. (b) Discuss the causes of Benign Breast Disease, its investigation and management of bilateral fibroadenosis with mastalgia. (c)(i) What are the primary objectives of Janani Suraksha Yojana? (ii) What are the salient features of this scheme? (iii) What is the Vande Mataram Scheme? How is it related to the Janani Suraksha Yojana?

(a) A 16-year-old girl has been brought for medical examination to the hospital by the police with alleged history of rape. How will the medical officer proceed to examine her? Describe the possible findings. What are the specimens preserved to establish the alleged crime? (b) Discuss the clinical features, management and post-mortem findings in a case of cyanide poisoning. (c) Explain the reasons for the following: (i) Beta blockers should not be given with Verapamil. (ii) Folinic Acid is administered along with Methotrexate. (iii) Thiazides are useful in nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus.

'The End TB Strategy' is a logical evolution and a paradigm shift from the past global TB strategies. What steps are required to overcome these hurdles?

(a) A 25-year-old male presented with history of off and on central abdominal distension with evening rising temperature and weight loss. On abdominal examination, firm, non-tender lump is present in right iliac fossa. (i) Discuss the differential diagnosis of the above-mentioned case. (ii) Mention the investigations and its findings. (iii) Outline the management of ileocaecal tuberculosis. (b)(i) Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), what are the changes being carried out in the rural healthcare infrastructure in order to strengthen it? (ii) Which of the existing programmes of Health and Family Welfare have been integrated into the National Rural Health Mission? (c) Enumerate the common causes of menorrhagia in a 40-year-old woman. What are the different types of fibroid uterus? How would you manage the case of a 40-year-old woman suffering from menorrhagia due to fibroid uterus?

(a)(i) Discuss the pathogenesis of enteric fever. What are the different mechanisms by which salmonella acquires antimicrobial resistance? (ii) Define immunological tolerance and discuss its role in autoimmunity, with one example. (b) A 40-year-old chronic alcoholic male presents himself with ascites, splenomegaly, jaundice and hematemesis. (i) What is the likely disease in the liver? (ii) What is the reason for hematemesis? (iii) Describe the gross and microscopic features of the liver in this case. (c) Discuss briefly the mechanism of action, uses and side effects of the following: (i) Griseofulvin (ii) Sulfonylurea (iii) Gentamicin

A 25-year-old male presented with history of off and on central abdominal distension with evening rising temperature and weight loss. On abdominal examination, firm, non-tender lump is present in right iliac fossa. Mention the investigations and its findings.

A 4-year-old child presents with stunted growth and moderate pallor. The child had history of intermittent diarrhoea. Mention the differential diagnosis.

A 3-year-old child presents with generalized oedema. Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome.

(a) Describe how iron is absorbed, transported and stored in our body. Give the different tests done to assess status of iron in the body. (b)(i) Enumerate the sites for formation of erythrocytes in the embryo, foetus and adults. (ii) Describe the characteristic changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus during erythropoiesis. (c)(i) Describe in detail about hepatic spaces in relation to peritoneal reflection. Add a note on its applied importance. (ii) Describe blood supply of brain stem and add a note on its applied importance.

A 40-year-old female fair in colour presented in casualty department with history of severe upper abdominal pain and vomiting after heavy fatty meal. On examination, tenderness is present in right hypochondrium. Outline the management of chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis.

Describe in detail about hepatic spaces in relation to peritoneal reflection. Add a note on its applied importance.

Enumerate commonly used methods of female sterilization. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

What are the factors responsible for invasive candida infection. Briefly describe the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream candida infection.

A 35-year-old male sustains road traffic accident. On general examination, he is oriented and pale, pulse rate 120/minute, BP 90/60 mm of Hg, respiratory rate 32/minute. Chest contusion is present and right chest wall with decreased movement. On auscultation decreased breathing sound (Rt) with stony dullness (Rt) on percussion. Give the treatment of the above-mentioned clinical scenario.

A 5-year-old male child presents with generalized itchy excoriated papules over trunk, limbs and genitals of two weeks duration. There were few papulovesicles on palms and soles. His other sibling had similar skin problem. What is the likely diagnosis?

A 70-year-old man was found comatose on the road by a passerby. There were no external injuries. He was brought to the casualty. What are the common medical conditions in his case? How will you manage Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

Discuss the principle of 'Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)' technology and outline the steps involved. Write its clinical application.

Enumerate the common causes of menorrhagia in a 40-year-old woman. What are the different types of fibroid uterus? How would you manage the case of a 40-year-old woman suffering from menorrhagia due to fibroid uterus?

Describe baroreceptor reflex mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure.

Discuss briefly the mechanism of action, uses and side effects of the following: Gentamicin

What are trans-fatty acids?

(a) 'The End TB Strategy is a logical evolution and a paradigm shift from the past global TB strategies.' (i) What are its vision, goal, milestones and target indicators that are set to be achieved in specific future years? (ii) What are the major hurdles which stand in its success? (iii) What steps are required to overcome these hurdles? (b) Define prolapse of uterus. Enumerate different degrees of prolapse of uterus. Enumerate the factors leading to prolapse of uterus. How would you manage the case of 3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse in a 38-year-old woman who has completed her family? (c) A 35-year-old male sustains road traffic accident. On general examination, he is agitated and pale, Pulse rate 120/minute, BP 90/60 mm of Hg, Respiratory rate 32/minute. Chest contusion is present and right chest wall with decreased movement. On auscultation decreased breathing sound (Rt) with stony dullness (Rt) on percussion. (i) Discuss the differential diagnosis. (ii) How would you investigate? (iii) Give the treatment of the above mentioned clinical scenario.

Discuss briefly the mechanism of action, uses and side effects of the following: Sulfonylurea

Describe blood supply of brain stem and add a note on its applied importance.

(a) Define neoplasm. List five differences between benign and malignant neoplasm. (b) Explain the challenges in epidemiology and control measures in malaria. Discuss its laboratory diagnosis. (c) Discuss acute paracetamol poisoning emphasizing on mechanism of toxicity and its treatment. (d) Describe the gross and microscopic appearance of post-primary tuberculosis of lung. (e) How will you assess that the injury is 'Grievous Hurt' as per Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code? Illustrate with examples.

(a) A 70-year-old man was found comatose on the road by a passerby. There were no external injuries. He was brought to the casualty. What are the common medical conditions in his case? How will you manage Diabetic Ketoacidosis? (b) A 2-month-old infant presents with Central Cyanosis. He had two episodes of cyanotic spells. (i) Enlist the differential diagnosis of Congenital Cyanotic Heart Diseases with reduced pulmonary blood flow. (ii) Mention the complications of Congenital Cyanotic Heart Diseases. (iii) Outline the management of a cyanotic spell. (c) A 45-year-old gentleman, agriculturist by occupation, presents with recurrent itchy scaly lesions over face and limbs of one year duration. Examination revealed hyperpigmented scaly lesions over face, neck and upper and lower limbs. There were involvement of skin creases, eyelids, retroauricular areas and nasolabial folds. He gave history of photosensitivity. (i) What is your likely diagnosis? (ii) What tests will you perform to establish the cause of his condition? Describe in brief. (iii) How will you treat this gentleman?

A baby is delivered at 34 weeks of gestation; develops respiratory distress soon after birth. Mention the pathogenesis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

A 30-year-old female presents with itchy lesions over upper and lower limbs of one month duration. On examination, multiple discrete flat-topped skin-coloured and violaceous papules were present around ankles, wrist and forearms. Which other areas will you examine to arrive at a clinical diagnosis?

Describe how iron is absorbed, transported and stored in our body. Give the different tests done to assess status of iron in the body.

What are the factors responsible for invasive candida infection. Briefly describe the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream candida infection. [Printed marks for this subpart: 7.5]

A 40-year-old chronic alcoholic male presents himself with ascites, splenomegaly, jaundice and hematemesis. Describe the gross and microscopic features of the liver in this case.

A 30-year-old labourer, with high fever of three days duration, was brought to emergency in hospital in semiconscious state. What are the likely causes for it?

(a)(i) Describe the gross and microscopic features of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. (ii) Describe in brief the etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. (b) Describe the mechanism of action of sulfonamides. Also describe which methods bacteria employ to develop resistance to it. (c)(i) What are the factors responsible for invasive candida infection. Briefly describe the laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream candida infection. (ii) Name opportunistic fungal (two) and parasitic (two) agents causing infections in an HIV patient. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of any one of them.

(a) A 30-year-old labourer, with high fever of three days duration, was brought to emergency in hospital in semiconscious state. (i) What are the likely causes for it? (ii) How will you diagnose and manage Japanese Encephalitis? (iii) What are the bad prognostic indicators for it? (b) A 4-year-old child presents with stunted growth and moderate pallor. The child had history of intermittent diarrhoea. (i) Mention the differential diagnosis. (ii) Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of celiac diseases. (iii) Outline the management of celiac diseases in children. (c) A 30-year-old female presents with itchy lesions over upper and lower limbs of one month duration. On examination, multiple discrete flat-topped skin-coloured and violaceous papules were present around ankles, wrist and forearms. (i) Which other areas will you examine to arrive at a clinical diagnosis? (ii) What are the tests will you perform to confirm the diagnosis? (iii) How will you treat this lady?

Define Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH). What are the causes of PPH? How would you manage the case of PPH just after delivery? Discuss the preventive measures for control of PPH.

A 2-month-old infant presents with Central Cyanosis. He had two episodes of cyanotic spells. Mention the complications of Congenital Cyanotic Heart Diseases.

Describe the developmental component and nerve supply of the tongue.

A 3-year-old child presents with generalized oedema. Outline the treatment of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.

Tabulate the findings of various biochemical tests in blood and urine of patients of pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice.

Describe the functions of spinocerebellum.

A 4-year-old child presents with stunted growth and moderate pallor. The child had history of intermittent diarrhoea. Mention the investigations required for diagnosis of celiac diseases.

A 16-year-old girl has been brought for medical examination to the hospital by the police with alleged history of rape. How will the medical officer proceed to examine her? Describe the possible findings. What are the specimens preserved to establish the alleged crime?

What is the 'Vande Mataram Scheme'? How is it related to the Janani Suraksha Yojana?

A young 23-year-old lady had attempted suicide thrice in last one year. What is the cause of her condition? How do you diagnose and manage Major Depressive Disorder?

What are the principles of Echocardiography? What is its diagnostic significance?

A 45-year-old gentleman, agriculturist by occupation, presents with recurrent itchy scaly lesions over face and limbs of one year duration. Examination revealed hyperpigmented scaly lesions over face, neck and upper and lower limbs. There were involvement of skin creases, eyelids, retroauricular areas and nasolabial folds. He gave history of photosensitivity. What tests will you perform to establish the cause of his condition? Describe in brief.

A 40-year-old female fair in colour presented in casualty department with history of severe upper abdominal pain and vomiting after heavy fatty meal. On examination, tenderness is present in right hypochondrium. What is the diagnosis of the above-mentioned clinical condition, its etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis?

Discuss the causes of Benign Breast Disease, its investigation and management of bilateral fibroadenosis with mastalgia.

A 30-year-old labourer, with high fever of three days duration, was brought to emergency in hospital in semiconscious state. What are the bad prognostic indicators for it?

A 25-year-old male presented with history of off and on central abdominal distension with evening rising temperature and weight loss. On abdominal examination, firm, non-tender lump is present in right iliac fossa. Outline the management of ileocaecal tuberculosis.

Justify the statement 'Vitamin D is a hormone'. Describe the synthesis, mechanism of action and physiological functions of vitamin D.

'The End TB Strategy' is a logical evolution and a paradigm shift from the past global TB strategies. What are the major hurdles which stand in its success?

A 5-year-old male child presents with generalized itchy excoriated papules over trunk, limbs and genitals of two weeks duration. There were few papulovesicles on palms and soles. His other sibling had similar skin problem. Enumerate the various topical preparations available to treat this condition. Describe the method of application of one preparation.

Define prolapse of uterus. Enumerate different degrees of prolapse of uterus. Enumerate the factors leading to prolapse of uterus. How would you manage the case of 3rd degree uterovaginal prolapse in a 38-year-old woman who has completed her family?

A 3-year-old child presents with generalized oedema. Enlist the differential diagnosis.

Mention the important causes of mortality in children under 5 years of age.

Write in short about Embalming.

Define immunological tolerance and discuss its role in autoimmunity, with one example.

Describe microscopically, the cellular components of lungs. Add a note on fetal distress syndrome.

Explain the reasons for the following: Beta blockers should not be given with Verapamil.

(a)(i) Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: Movement; Blood Supply; Ligaments (ii) Give the anatomic basis of black eye. (b)(i) Show the sucking reflex through a diagram. Describe positive and negative feedback actions of estrogen. (ii) Describe baroreceptor reflex mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure. (c) Justify the statement 'Vitamin D is a hormone'. Describe the synthesis, mechanism of action and physiological functions of vitamin D.

Describe in brief the etiopathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix.

Enlist the vaccines which can reduce the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection in children.

Describe the functions of basal ganglia in voluntary actions.

Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings: I. Movement II. Blood Supply III. Ligaments

A 2-month-old infant presents with Central Cyanosis. He had two episodes of cyanotic spells. Outline the management of a cyanotic spell.

Define Assisted Reproductive Technology. Mention briefly the commonly used reproductive technologies. What are the indications and contraindications of each method?

A 40-year-old man gives history of gradual loss of weight and altered bowel habits for last two years. What differential diagnosis would you consider? How will you manage Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome?

Describe the gross anatomy, innervation and applied importance of the urinary bladder. Add a note on autonomous bladder.

A 45-year-old gentleman, agriculturist by occupation, presents with recurrent itchy scaly lesions over face and limbs of one year duration. Examination revealed hyperpigmented scaly lesions over face, neck and upper and lower limbs. There were involvement of skin creases, eyelids, retroauricular areas and nasolabial folds. He gave history of photosensitivity. What is your likely diagnosis?

Enumerate the sites for formation of erythrocytes in the embryo, foetus and adults.

(a) A young 23-year-old lady had attempted suicide thrice in last one year. What is the cause of her condition? How do you diagnose and manage Major Depressive Disorder? (b) A 40-year-old man gives history of gradual loss of weight and altered bowel habits for last two years. What differential diagnosis would you consider? How will you manage Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome? (c) What are the principles of Echocardiography? What is its diagnostic significance? (d) A baby is delivered at 34 weeks of gestation; develops respiratory distress soon after birth: (i) List the important causes of respiratory distress in this baby. (ii) Mention the pathogenesis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome. (iii) Outline the management of the baby. (e)(i) Mention the important causes of mortality in children under 5 years of age. (ii) Enlist the vaccines which can reduce the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection in children. (iii) Mention the measures to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV infection.

A 4-year-old child presents with stunted growth and moderate pallor. The child had history of intermittent diarrhoea. Outline the management of celiac diseases in children.

Compare the functions of basal ganglia with primary cortex.

Discuss the clinical features, management and post-mortem findings in a case of cyanide poisoning.

A baby is delivered at 34 weeks of gestation; develops respiratory distress soon after birth. List the important causes of respiratory distress in this baby.

Explain the reasons for the following: Folinic Acid is administered along with Methotrexate.