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Typbar Typhoid Vaccine - UPSC Science And Technology
What is Typbar Typhoid Vaccine in UPSC Science And Technology?
Typbar Typhoid Vaccine is a key topic under Science And Technology for UPSC Civil Services Examination. Key points include: Typbar TCV is Bharat Biotech's conjugate typhoid vaccine.. It's the world's first clinically proven conjugate typhoid vaccine.. Phase-3 trials in Malawi showed high long-term efficacy (70.6% to 79.9%) in children under 12.. Understanding this topic is essential for both UPSC Prelims and Mains preparation.
Why is Typbar Typhoid Vaccine important for UPSC exam?
Typbar Typhoid Vaccine is a Medium-level topic in UPSC Science And Technology. It is tested in both Prelims (factual MCQs) and Mains (analytical answer writing). Previous year UPSC questions have frequently covered aspects of Typbar Typhoid Vaccine, making it essential for comprehensive IAS preparation.
How to prepare Typbar Typhoid Vaccine for UPSC?
To prepare Typbar Typhoid Vaccine for UPSC: (1) Study the comprehensive notes covering all key concepts on Vaidra. (2) Practice previous year questions on this topic. (3) Connect it with current affairs using daily updates. (4) Revise using key takeaways and mind maps available for Science And Technology. (5) Write practice answers linking Typbar Typhoid Vaccine to related GS Paper topics.
Key takeaways of Typbar Typhoid Vaccine for UPSC
- Typbar TCV is Bharat Biotech's conjugate typhoid vaccine.
- It's the world's first clinically proven conjugate typhoid vaccine.
- Phase-3 trials in Malawi showed high long-term efficacy (70.6% to 79.9%) in children under 12.
- Efficacy reduction over time is minimal (1.3% per year over four years).
- WHO prequalification in 2017 enables global procurement.
- Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Typhi, spread via contaminated food/water.
Typbar Typhoid Vaccine
Medium⏱️ 8 min read
science and technology
📖 Introduction
Introduction to Typbar Typhoid Vaccine
The Typbar Typhoid Vaccine, developed by Bharat Biotech, has recently shown promising long-term efficacy in its Phase-3 trial.
This trial was conducted in Malawi, Africa, a region significantly affected by typhoid fever, demonstrating its effectiveness across various pediatric age groups.
Typbar TCV holds the distinction of being the world's first clinically proven conjugate Typhoid vaccine.
Note: NexCAR19 is the first CAR-T cell therapy to receive CDSCO approval in India.
Understanding Conjugate Vaccines
A conjugate vaccine is a sophisticated type of vaccine designed to enhance the immune response against certain pathogens.
It functions by combining a weak antigen with a strong antigen, often referred to as a carrier protein.
This strategic combination enables the immune system to mount a much stronger and more effective immune response to the otherwise weak antigen.
The result is enhanced protection against infections caused by the pathogen from which the weak antigen originated.
Key Findings from Typbar Vaccine Trials
The Phase-3 trial for Typbar TCV yielded significant results, particularly concerning its protective capabilities in children.
The trial demonstrated the vaccine's efficacy in children across all age groups under 12 years.
The trial took place in Malawi, Africa, a setting where typhoid fever is endemic, involving children aged nine months to 12 years.
A single dose of the vaccine was administered to children between February and September 2018.
- Vaccine Group: 14,069 children received the typhoid vaccine.
- Control Group: 14,061 children received a control vaccine (Mena).
The efficacy at the end of a 4.3-year median follow-up period was notably high across different age brackets.
- Efficacy (9 months to 2 years): 70.6%
- Efficacy (2-4 years): 79.6%
- Efficacy (5-12 years): 79.9%
The trial also revealed an absolute risk reduction of 6.1 typhoid infections per 1,000 vaccinated children.
Furthermore, the estimated reduction in vaccine efficacy over time was minimal, only 1.3% per year over four years.
Typbar TCV, manufactured by Bharat Biotech, received WHO prequalification in 2017, marking a significant global recognition.
What is Typhoid?
Typhoid fever is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection.
It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
The primary mode of transmission for typhoid is typically through the consumption of contaminated food or water.
💡 Key Takeaways
- •Typbar TCV is Bharat Biotech's conjugate typhoid vaccine.
- •It's the world's first clinically proven conjugate typhoid vaccine.
- •Phase-3 trials in Malawi showed high long-term efficacy (70.6% to 79.9%) in children under 12.
- •Efficacy reduction over time is minimal (1.3% per year over four years).
- •WHO prequalification in 2017 enables global procurement.
- •Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella Typhi, spread via contaminated food/water.
🧠 Memory Techniques
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