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Science And Technology for UPSC 2026 — 191 Topics, Notes & PYQ Analysis | Vaidra
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Science And Technology for UPSC — 191 Topics

~7 min avg read

Science and Technology covers developments in space technology, biotechnology, defence technology, IT, nanotechnology, and energy. UPSC tests practical applications and current affairs in this domain rather than deep technical knowledge. Questions link S&T developments to governance, security, and society. ISRO missions, nuclear policy, and health technology are frequent themes.

What is Science And Technology in UPSC Syllabus?

Science And Technology is a core UPSC Civil Services subject with 191 topics covering Prelims and Mains GS patterns. It appears in both the Preliminary examination (objective) and Mains GS Papers (descriptive answers).

Which Science And Technology Topics Are Most Important for UPSC Prelims?

  • Space Technology
  • Nuclear Policy
  • Biotechnology
  • Defence Technology
  • Health Tech

Explore other subjects:

EconomyHistoryPolityGeographyEnvironmentInt. RelationsArt & CultureSocial IssuesDefenceAgriculture

4th Nuclear-Powered Ballistic Missile Submarine

Hard8 min
Start Topic

67th Foundation Day of DRDO

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Adaptive Optics (NFIRAOS) & NIR Star Catalogue Tool for TMT

Hard8 min
Start Topic

AI Krish and AI Bhoomi

Hard6 min
Start Topic

AR Gene Transfer Mechanism

Hard8 min
Start Topic

AR Gene Transfer Mechanisms: PBNPs, HGT, and OMVs

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Astronauts Stuck in ISS

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Axiom-4 Mission

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Bhartiya Antriksh Station, Moon & Venus Mission and NGLV

Hard7 min
Start Topic

BioE3 Policy and Biotechnology in India

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering, Vaccines, GM Crops

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Black Holes: Formation, Types, and Significance for UPSC

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Black Hole Triple System

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Bone Grafting Technology

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) & Quantum Statistics

Hard9 min
Start Topic

Carbon Footprint of Artificial Intelligence

Hard7 min
Start Topic

CAR-T Cell Therapy

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Centenary of Bose-Einstein Statistics

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Chakshu and the Digital Intelligence Platform

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Comparison with Graphene Superconductors

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Completion of SSLV Development Project

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Criticality of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor

Hard7 min
Start Topic

DBS Brain Implant Surgery for Epilepsy Treatment

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Deep-Sea Mining: India's Interests, Exploration, and Environmental Concerns

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Dementia: Definition, Symptoms, and Cognitive Impact

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Difference Between Small Pox, Chicken Pox, Mpox

Hard12 min
Start Topic

Discoveries in Biology Using C. elegans

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Discovery of Dark Oxygen

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Earth’s Ancient Magnetic Field

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Earth's Magnetic and Geographic Poles: Location, Compass Use, and Protection

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Efficacy of Liquid Nano Urea

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Eliminating Kala-azar

Hard7 min
Start Topic

ESA and Twelve Countries Sign the Zero Debris Charter

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Gamma Rays and Related Health Hazards

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Gene Editing vs. Gene Sequencing: Key Differences for UPSC

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Gene Therapy for Hemophilia A

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Genome Sequencing

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Geopolitical Tensions

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Gliese 12 b Potentially Habitable Exoplanet near Earth

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Global Cooperation in Space Debris Management

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2025

Hard9 min
Start Topic

Global Examples for Wolbachia Implementation

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Programme, Plan & SDG 3

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Google DeepMind’s SIMA and AlphaGeometry

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Gravity Energy Storage

Hard8 min
Start Topic

GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2) Aboard SpaceX’s Falcon-9

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Hafnium: Properties, Uses in Nuclear Reactors & Alloys

Hard5 min
Start Topic

Hayflick Limit: Cellular Senescence and its Role in Ageing

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Health and Diseases

Hard5 min
Start Topic

High Altitude Pathogens

Hard6 min
Start Topic

How does Wolbachia Help in Controlling Mosquito Populations?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

How do RNA and DNA Editing Differ?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

How Tardigrade Properties Could be Applied for Human Use?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

India Eliminates Trachoma as a Public Health Problem

Hard7 min
Start Topic

India's Contribution to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Project

Hard6 min
Start Topic

India’s First 3D-Printed Rocket Launched

Hard8 min
Start Topic

India’s Genomic Data Set

Hard6 min
Start Topic

India’s Satellite Launch by SpaceX

Hard6 min
Start Topic

INDIA’S THREE-STAGE NUCLEAR PROGRAMME

Hard8 min
Start Topic

India to Join SKAO as a Full Member

Hard5 min
Start Topic

India to Join SKAO as a Full Member

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Initiatives Related to TB

Hard9 min
Start Topic

International Space Station (ISS)

Hard6 min
Start Topic

International Thalassemia Day

Hard8 min
Start Topic

International Year of Quantum Science and Technology

Hard7 min
Start Topic

ISRO's SpaDEx Mission: Satellite Docking Experiment

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Japan’s SLIM Moon Mission

Hard8 min
Start Topic

JUICE Probe’s Double Slingshot Manoeuvre

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Key Facts About Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Lagrange Points

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Large Language Models

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Launch of Tanager-1

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Leptospirosis Outbreak in Kerala

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Light Pollution

Hard8 min
Start Topic

MACE Telescope in Ladakh

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) Outbreak

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Moiré Materials and Superconductivity

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Mosquitofish: Ecological Impact & Use in Mosquito Control (India)

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Mpox Virus & Snakebite Envenoming: Recent Developments & Global Impact

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Nano DAP: Applications, Benefits, and Significance for Indian Agriculture

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Nanoplastics Causing Antibiotic Resistance

Hard6 min
Start Topic

NASA’s Mars Sample Return Program

Hard6 min
Start Topic

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe

Hard8 min
Start Topic

NASA’s PREFIRE Mission

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Natural and artificial neurons

Hard7 min
Start Topic

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Night Light Pollution Linked to Alzheimer’s Risk

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Biofortification

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Nobel Prize 2024 in Physiology or Medicine

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024

Hard5 min
Start Topic

One Nation One Time

Hard8 min
Start Topic

One Nation One Time

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Orbital Saturation

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Parkinson’s Disease

Hard5 min
Start Topic

Parkinson’s Disease

Hard5 min
Start Topic

Pegasus Spyware

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Piezoelectric Materials: Properties, Examples, and Applications

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Polymetallic Nodules & Oxygen Production: Study in Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Hard6 min
Start Topic

PRATUSH Telescope

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Precision Medicine and Biobanks

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Prostate Cancer

Hard10 min
Start Topic

Quantum Satellite

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Reusable Launch Vehicle - RHUMI-1

Hard6 min
Start Topic

RNA Editing: Advancements, Types, and Significance for Genetic Conditions

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Rocket Systems: Multi-barrel rocket launcher Pinaka.

Hard7 min
Start Topic

SAKHI: Enhancing Astronaut Capabilities for Gaganyaan Mission

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Security Alert System Based on Piezoelectric Polymer Nanocomposite

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Snake Venom Neutralising Antibody

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Space Based Surveillance (SBS) Mission

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Space Debris & Collision Risk: Threats in Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

Hard5 min
Start Topic

Space Docking: Techniques, Significance, and Applications (ISS)

Hard5 min
Start Topic

State of Biobanks in India

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Statio Shiv Shakti as Name of the Chandrayaan-3 Landing Site

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Stem Cell Transplants

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Subclinical Tuberculosis

Hard5 min
Start Topic

Successful Launch of Ariane 6 Rocket

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Sucralose: A Promising Sweetener for Diabetics

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Synchronization protocols such as Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP) will be adopted by government institutions and public organizations.

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Tardigrades: Adaptations, Cryptobiosis, and Potential Human Applications

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Tardigrades Genes for Innovation

Hard6 min
Start Topic

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)

Hard8 min
Start Topic

This property enables phenomena like superconductivity and superfluidity

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Thorium-based Nuclear Energy Production

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Thorium: Properties, Abundance, and Fissionability for UPSC

Hard7 min
Start Topic

Twigstats: Precision Ancestry Tracing with Ancient DNA

Hard6 min
Start Topic

Typbar Typhoid Vaccine

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Uranium-to-Lead Ratio Analysis

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Water Footprint of AI

Hard7 min
Start Topic

West Nile Fever

Hard12 min
Start Topic

What are Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)?

Hard9 min
Start Topic

What are Key Facts About Proteins?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are microRNAs?

Hard10 min
Start Topic

What are Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What are Obelisks?

Hard5 min
Start Topic

What are Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs)?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are Some Government Initiatives Related to SCD?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are Sugar and Sugar Substitutes?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the applications of the Discovery?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Biofortified Seed Varieties Developed by ICAR?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What are the Challenges Associated with LEO?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Challenges Associated with LEO?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Contributions of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam to DRDO?

Hard5 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Facts About DRDO?

Hard12 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Facts About Leptospirosis?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Facts About the Study

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Facts About the Study?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Facts About Tuberculosis?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Features of MACE?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Features of the Legal Metrology (IST) Rules, 2025?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Features of Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Key Findings of the Study?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What are the Newly Approved Space Projects?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What are the Other Major Space Observatories Established in India?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What are the Techniques Used for Genetic Analysis?

Hard10 min
Start Topic

What are the Three stages of India’s Nuclear Energy Program?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What Discovery of microRNA led to the Nobel Prize?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What is a Solar Observatory?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is Biotechnology?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What is Cell Division?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is Deep-Sea Mining?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What is Diabetes?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What is Earth’s Magnetic Field?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is India’s FBR Programme?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What is Kawasaki Disease?

Hard5 min
Start Topic

What is Liquid Nano Urea?

Hard5 min
Start Topic

What is Lower Earth Orbit (LEO)?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is Machine Learning?

Hard10 min
Start Topic

What is Nano DAP?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What is NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What is Nitrogen Pollution?

Hard10 min
Start Topic

What is One Nation, One Time?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is PRATUSH?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What is SpaDEx?

Hard6 min
Start Topic

What is the DBS Brain Implant Technology to Treat Epilepsy?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What is the GenomIndia Project?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is the Impact on the Human Body in the ISS ?

Hard9 min
Start Topic

What is the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory?

Hard5 min
Start Topic

What is the National Quantum Mission (NQM)?

Hard7 min
Start Topic

What is the National Quantum Mission (NQM)?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

What We Lose With Age

Hard4 min
Start Topic

Why is the Carbon Footprint of Artificial Intelligence High?

Hard8 min
Start Topic

Wolbachia-Infected Mosquitoes for Dengue Control

Hard7 min
Start Topic

World AIDS Day 2024

Hard8 min
Start Topic

World Diabetes Day 2024

Hard7 min
Start Topic

World Diabetes Day 2024

Hard8 min
Start Topic
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