Overview Ahead of the Union Budget for 2026-27 and the forthcoming Parliament session, the Congress party on Monday, January 12, 2026 , raised concerns regarding fiscal federalism , slowing investment , and rising inequality . The party warned that the Indian economy faces structural challenges that cannot be addressed through what it termed “statistical illusions.” This critique is particularly relevant for UPSC aspirants focusing on economic governance and policy. Key Developments Concerns Over Fiscal Federalism Jairam Ramesh , Congress general secretary, highlighted that the forthcoming Budget would inevitably reflect the recommendations of the 16th Finance Commission , which submitted its report on November 17, 2025 . The report covers the period from 2026-27 to 2031-32 and deals with the sharing of tax revenues between the Centre and the States and their subsequent distribution among the States. States are reportedly “deeply concerned” about the Centre’s approach to fiscal devolution . Concerns are centered around the 60:40 cost-sharing formula under laws that have allegedly undermined the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) . States will closely monitor the Budget for signals on how the Centre intends to address these concerns. Broader Economic Challenges Mr. Ramesh identified three key areas of concern regarding the broader economic landscape: Sluggish Private Corporate Investment: Despite corporate tax cuts and healthy profit margins, private corporate investment remains subdued. Decline in Household Savings: A sharp decline in household savings is limiting the economy’s investment capacity. Widening Inequalities: Wealth and consumption inequalities continue to widen. The Congress leader emphasized that acknowledging these realities and taking corrective measures is essential for sustaining higher growth rates. He argued that durable GDP growth , especially one capable of generating large-scale employment, would not be possible unless these underlying issues are addressed decisively in the Budget. Budget Session Details The Budget session will commence on January 28 and conclude on April 02 . The budget presentation is scheduled for February 1 . Parliament will recess on February 13 and reconvene on March 9 . UPSC Relevance This article is highly relevant for UPSC aspirants, particularly for GS Paper 3 (Economy) and GS Paper 2 (Governance) . It touches upon critical aspects of fiscal federalism, resource allocation, investment trends, and social welfare schemes. Understanding these issues is crucial for answering questions related to economic development, government policies, and Centre-State relations. Key Areas for UPSC Preparation Fiscal Federalism: Understand the constitutional provisions and challenges related to the distribution of financial resources between the Centre and States. Investment Trends: Analyze the factors affecting private and public investment in India. Inequality: Study the causes and consequences of income and wealth inequality and government measures to address them. Budget Analysis: Develop the ability to critically analyze the Union Budget and its implications for various sectors of the economy.