Overview A prolonged dry spell and lack of snowfall in Himachal Pradesh are causing significant anxiety among apple growers and horticulture experts. The primary concern is that if the current dry conditions persist, the apple crop could suffer substantial losses in both yield and overall production. This situation highlights the vulnerability of agriculture to changing weather patterns and the critical role of snowfall in maintaining ecological balance and supporting economic activities in the Himalayan region. Key Developments Weather Forecast: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts continued dry weather conditions across the state for the coming week, as of January 10, 2026 . Temperature Rise: The IMD also predicts a gradual rise in minimum temperatures by about 2 to 5 degrees Celsius over the next 4 to 5 days . Rainfall Deficit: According to Sandeep Kumar Sharma , senior scientist at IMD Shimla , Himachal Pradesh experienced significantly below-normal rainfall in November 2025 (95% less) and December 2025 (99% less) . Impact on Apple Crop: Prolonged dry conditions are unfavorable for apple crops, potentially affecting their quality and productivity. New apple plantations are particularly vulnerable. Economic Significance: The apple industry in Himachal Pradesh contributes approximately ₹5,000 to ₹6,000 crore annually and supports over 1.5 lakh families . Impact on Apple Cultivation Bhupinder Sharma , an apple grower from Kotgarh village in Shimla district , emphasized the importance of snow for apple trees: Chilling Hours: Apple trees require a specific period of cold temperatures, or chilling hours, during winter dormancy ( January to February ) for proper blooming and fruiting. Moisture Reservoir: Snow acts as a natural moisture reservoir, gradually releasing water into the soil, which is crucial for root health and nutrient uptake. Pest Control: Drier conditions can allow more pests to survive, potentially increasing infestations during the growing season. Expert Opinions S.P. Bhardwaj , a horticulture scientist and former joint director with the University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni , noted: Chilling Hours vs. Snowfall: While cold conditions might help meet the chilling hours requirement, the lack of snowfall remains a serious concern. Insulation and Temperature Regulation: Snow provides insulation and temperature regulation, helping to contain pests and diseases. Pest and Disease Emergence: The absence of snow increases the chance of early emergence of pests and diseases. UPSC Relevance GS Paper 1: Geography The article highlights the impact of climate variability on regional weather patterns, specifically the reduced snowfall in Himachal Pradesh . This is relevant to understanding the effects of climate change on mountain ecosystems and water resources. GS Paper 3: Economy The economic significance of the apple industry in Himachal Pradesh , contributing ₹5,000 to ₹6,000 crore annually, makes this issue important for understanding the vulnerability of agricultural economies to climate-related shocks. The dependence of 1.5 lakh families on this sector underscores the socio-economic implications. GS Paper 3: Agriculture The discussion on chilling hours, the role of snow as a moisture reservoir, and pest control relates directly to agricultural practices and the challenges faced by farmers due to changing climatic conditions. This is relevant to understanding sustainable agriculture and climate-resilient farming. GS Paper 3: Environment The impact of reduced snowfall on water availability and the potential for increased pest infestations are environmental concerns that link to broader discussions on climate change and its ecological consequences.