Cybercrime Proceeds Linked to Money Laundering Networks – Key Highlights The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) reported that, up to 28 Feb 2026, it had taken up 257 cyber‑crime cases under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) . These investigations identified proceeds of crime (PoC) worth ₹35,925.58 crore . While state‑wise data on cyber‑crime proceeds is not maintained, the agency has instituted robust information‑sharing mechanisms with state law‑enforcement agencies (LEAs). Key Developments (2021‑2026) Establishment of the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) as an attached office of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Launch of the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (NCRP) (https://cybercrime.gov.in) for reporting all cyber offences, with special focus on women and children. Introduction of the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System (CFCFRMS) in 2021; by 31 Jan 2026 it helped save over ₹8,690 crore from more than 24.65 lakh complaints. Operationalisation of the toll‑free helpline ‘1930’ for online cyber‑complaint assistance. Creation of the Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC) at I4C, bringing together banks, payment aggregators, telecoms, IT intermediaries and state LEAs for rapid response. Launch of the Suspect Registry on 10 Sep 2024; by 31 Jan 2026 it processed over 23.05 lakh suspect identifiers and blocked transactions worth ₹9,518.91 crore . Activation of the Samanvaya Platform as a Management Information System for LEA coordination, leading to the arrest of 21,857 accused and handling 1,49,636 cyber‑investigation assistance requests. Issuance of a uniform Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) on 2 Jan 2026, outlining victim‑centric processes for NCRP and CFCFRMS and strengthening state‑centre collaboration. Important Facts ED uses the ICJS portal to retrieve FIRs related to cyber‑crimes. Information exchange between ED and other LEAs occurs through designated Nodal Officers and under section 66(2) of PMLA when a contravention is detected. ‘Police’ and ‘Public Order’ remain state subjects under the Seventh Schedule; the Centre supports states via advisories and financial assistance for capacity building. UPSC Relevance Understanding the institutional architecture for cyber‑crime mitigation is crucial for GS II (Governance, Polity) and GS III (Economy, Security). Candidates should note: The division of powers between Centre and States in law‑enforcement (Seventh Schedule). The role of specialised agencies like ED and I4C in combating financial crimes. Impact of cyber‑fraud on the economy, highlighted by the massive PoC and saved amounts, linking to topics of financial stability and digital governance. Policy tools such as SOPs, portals, and data‑sharing platforms illustrate modern governance mechanisms. Way Forward To enhance effectiveness, the Centre may consider: Maintaining a state‑wise database of cyber‑crime proceeds for targeted interventions. Strengthening capacity of state police through regular training on digital forensics and financial tracking. Expanding public awareness campaigns on reporting mechanisms (NCRP, CFCFRMS, helpline 1930). Integrating emerging technologies like AI‑driven analytics into the Samanvaya platform for predictive policing. These steps aim to curb the growing nexus between cyber‑crime and money‑laundering, safeguarding both citizens and the financial system.