<h3>Overview</h3>
<p>The <span class="key-term" data-definition="Election Commission of India — constitutional body responsible for administering free and fair elections in India (GS2: Polity)">Election Commission of India</span> (ECI) announced that Phase III of the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Special Intensive Revision — a pan‑India exercise to clean and update electoral rolls, removing ineligible or duplicate entries (GS2: Polity)">Special Intensive Revision</span> (SIR) of the voters' list will commence in the "coming days" after the conclusion of recent state elections. The rollout will target the remaining 22 <span class="key-term" data-definition="Union Territories — administrative units directly governed by the Central Government, distinct from states (GS1: History, GS2: Polity)">Union Territories</span> (UTs) and states, encompassing roughly 40 crore electors.</p>
<h3>Key Developments</h3>
<ul>
<li>Phase III to begin within days of <strong>May 11, 2026</strong> after elections in Kerala, Assam, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal concluded.</li>
<li>So far, SIR has been completed in 10 states and three UTs: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Goa and Bihar.</li>
<li>Approximately <strong>60 crore</strong> of the nation’s <strong>99 crore</strong> voters have already been covered in earlier clean‑up rounds; the remaining <strong>~40 crore</strong> will be addressed in Phase III.</li>
<li>The combined voter base of the nine states and three UTs that underwent SIR was reduced by 10.2 % – a drop of <strong>5.18 crore</strong> names, including <strong>66,88,636</strong> deceased electors.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Important Facts</h3>
<p>On <strong>February 19, 2026</strong>, the ECI directed 22 states and UTs, including Delhi, to finish preparatory work for SIR, expecting the exercise to start in April. A letter to chief electoral officers of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman & Diu, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Ladakh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Delhi, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tripura, Telangana and Uttarakhand reiterated the pan‑India mandate issued in June 2025.</p>
<p>Legal challenges have surfaced: political parties in Bihar approached the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Supreme Court — the highest judicial authority in India, tasked with safeguarding the Constitution (GS1: History, GS2: Polity)">Supreme Court</span> over SIR in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, and former West Bengal Chief Minister <strong>Mamata Banerjee</strong> personally pleaded before a bench of the Chief Justice of India against the roll‑cleanup in her state.</p>
<p>During preparatory work in Bihar, ECI officials claimed to have identified nationals from Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar, though no concrete figures were released. Opposition parties alleged the move was a partisan attempt to disenfranchise voters not aligned with the BJP.</p>
<h3>UPSC Relevance</h3>
<p>The SIR exercise illustrates the constitutional duty of the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Election Commission of India — constitutional body responsible for administering free and fair elections in India (GS2: Polity)">Election Commission</span> to maintain accurate electoral rolls, a cornerstone of democratic legitimacy. Understanding the mechanics of voter‑list revision helps aspirants answer questions on electoral reforms, federal‑state coordination, and the role of institutions like the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Supreme Court — the highest judicial authority in India, tasked with safeguarding the Constitution (GS1: History, GS2: Polity)">Supreme Court</span> in adjudicating disputes. The scale of the exercise (tens of crores of voters) also underscores the administrative challenges faced by India’s bureaucracy, relevant for GS3 (Economy) and GS4 (Ethics) discussions on efficiency and transparency.</p>
<h3>Way Forward</h3>
<p>With Phase III imminent, the ECI will monitor progress across the remaining states and UTs, aiming to complete the nationwide clean‑up before the next general election cycle. States are expected to submit final reports on identified ineligible entries, and the Commission will publish updated rolls for public scrutiny. Continuous oversight by the judiciary and civil society will be crucial to ensure the process remains non‑partisan and inclusive.</p>