The recent spate of deadly blasts at private explosive handling industry units in Andhra Pradesh and Nagpur highlights chronic safety lapses, weak regulatory oversight and the influence of political patronage. Over the past two years, more than 20 lives have been lost, prompting urgent calls for stricter enforcement and systemic reforms. Key Developments In October 2025 , an explosion at Sri Ganapathi Grand Fireworks (Konaseema, AP) killed 10 workers, leading to new safety norms. On Saturday, March 2, 2026 , a blast at Sri Surya Firecrackers (Vetlapalem, Kakinada) killed all 20 people on site, despite the unit being ordered to cease operations in January. On Sunday, March 3, 2026 , a blast at SBL Energy factory (Nagpur) claimed 19 lives, most of them women. Two accidents at Solar Explosives , the largest private unit, occurred within the same period; its owner received the Padma Shri this year. Investigations revealed that several licences were issued by PESO officials after receiving bribes, prompting a CBI inquiry. Important Facts Both Andhra Pradesh explosions involved factories owned by the same individual, indicating concentration of risk. The Vetlapalem unit exceeded its permitted daily quota of explosives and workforce numbers after securing a large temple‑festival order. In Nagpur’s Bazargaon area, about a dozen private factories operate, employing predominantly low‑wage women drawn from displaced farmland. Over the last two years, more than 20 deaths have occurred in half a dozen accidents across these units. Despite being a historic hub for defence‑grade explosives, Nagpur’s regulatory headquarter ( PESO ) has struggled to enforce compliance. UPSC Relevance The incidents intersect multiple UPSC syllabus areas: high‑risk industries and occupational safety (GS3), the role of central agencies like PESO and CBI in governance, and the impact of political patronage on law enforcement. The transformation of Sivakasi from a safety nightmare to a model of improved compliance offers a comparative case study for policy analysis. Way Forward Strengthen PESO audit mechanisms, including surprise inspections and real‑time monitoring of production quotas. Introduce mandatory safety certification for all workers, with special focus on women labourers, and enforce regular training programmes similar to those adopted in Sivakasi . Implement a transparent licensing database accessible to the public to curb bribery and political interference. Link corporate social responsibility (CSR) contributions to demonstrable safety compliance, incentivising private owners to invest in safer infrastructure. Enhance inter‑agency coordination between CBI , state police and labour departments to ensure swift legal action against violators.