Google Quantum AI ने क्यूबिट्स में सहसम्बद्ध फेज़ त्रुटि बर्स्ट्स का पता लगाया — क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग के लिए जोखिम

<h3>Overview</h3> <p>Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems far faster than conventional <span class="key-term" data-definition="A computing device that exploits quantum bits (qubits) to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical computers. (GS3: Science & Technology)">quantum computers</span>. However, their extreme sensitivity to environmental disturbances makes them fragile. On <strong>4 May 2026</strong>, researchers from <span class="key-term" data-definition="Google’s research division focused on developing quantum‑computing hardware and algorithms. (GS3: Science & Technology)">Google Quantum AI</span> reported a new source of instability called <span class="key-term" data-definition="Simultaneous, radiation‑induced frequency shifts affecting many qubits together, breaking the assumption of independent errors. (GS3: Science & Technology)">correlated phase error bursts</span>. </p> <h3>Key Developments</h3> <ul> <li>Publication in <em>Physical Review X</em> on <strong>4 May 2026</strong> documenting the phenomenon.</li> <li>Identification that high‑energy <span class="key-term" data-definition="High‑energy particles that can remove electrons from atoms, causing ionisation; sources include cosmic rays and radioactive elements in Earth’s crust. (GS3: Science & Technology)">ionising radiation</span> creates a splash of vibrations in the silicon substrate of a quantum chip.</li> <li>These vibrations break Cooper pairs in superconductors, generating a cloud of <span class="key-term" data-definition="An emergent disturbance in a solid that behaves like a particle, such as the electron‑hole pairs generated in a superconductor after radiation hits. (GS3: Science & Technology)">quasiparticles</span> that flood the chip.</li> <li>Even with a protective “fence”, the mere presence of quasiparticles near a <span class="key-term" data-definition="The basic unit of quantum information, representing a superposition of 0 and 1 states, enabling quantum parallelism. (GS3: Science & Technology)">qubit</span> shifts its operating frequency by up to <strong>3 MHz</strong> for about <strong>1 ms</strong>.</li> </ul> <h3>Important Facts</h3> <p>The frequency shift, though brief, is catastrophic for quantum algorithms because it occurs across many qubits simultaneously, effectively causing a sudden loss of coordination. Existing <span class="key-term" data-definition="A set of protocols that detect and correct errors in qubits, allowing a quantum computer to continue operating despite decoherence. (GS3: Science & Technology)">quantum error correction</span> schemes assume that errors in different qubits are independent; the correlated burst invalidates this assumption and may set an upper bound on the reliability of present‑day quantum processors.</p> <p>According to physicist <strong>Gianluigi Catelani</strong> of the Jülich Research Centre, two mitigation routes are already under development: (i) “traps” that absorb quasiparticle