GPS Spoofing, RBI Monetary Policy & Heatwave Criteria — UPSC Prelims SEE Snapshot

Overview The UPSC Prelims ‘SEE’ Snapshot of 2026 highlights three high‑frequency topics – GPS interference, the latest stance of the RBI on monetary policy, and the evolving criteria for declaring a heatwave by the IMD . These concepts are frequently tested for conceptual clarity and application. Key Developments GPS interference : Both jamming and spoofing are being weaponised in the US‑Iran conflict, causing navigation systems of ships and aircraft to display false positions. Monetary policy update : On 8 April 2026 the MPC kept the repo rate unchanged at 5.25 % and projected GDP growth to fall to 6.9 % in 2026‑27 . Heatwave alerts : The IMD has issued repeated alerts for Punjab and Haryana in April 2026, marking a shift of heatwave onset earlier in the season. Important Facts • spoofing deceives receivers with false data, whereas jamming merely blocks signals. • The RBI employs direct tools (repo rate, reverse repo, CRR, MSF) and indirect tools (OMOs, Market Stabilisation Scheme) to steer inflation and growth. • A heatwave is declared when the maximum temperature reaches ≥40 °C in plains (or ≥45 °C actual max) for two consecutive days at a minimum of two stations in a sub‑division. • The distinction between monetary policy (RBI‑driven) and fiscal policy (government‑driven) lies in the implementing authority and the speed of impact on the economy. UPSC Relevance • Science & Technology (GS3) : Understanding GPS spoofing vs jamming helps answer questions on cyber‑security and modern warfare. • Economy (GS3) : Knowledge of the repo rate mechanism, MPC composition, and the RBI’s legislative mandate is essential for monetary‑policy questions. • Environment (GS3) : Accurate criteria for heatwave declaration, the role of the IMD , and the concept of a heat dome are frequently asked in climate‑change sections. Way Forward for Aspirants 1. Memorise the definitions of spoofing and jamming , and be able to contrast their operational impacts. 2. Review the RBI’s monetary‑policy toolkit, especially the repo rate , CRR, and the role of the MPC . Remember the 2026‑27 GDP projection (6.9 %) and the unchanged repo rate (5.25 %). 3. Internalise the heatwave thresholds (≥40 °C plains, ≥45 °C actual max) and the procedural requirement of two stations for two consecutive days. Relate this to the broader discussion on climate‑induced hazards. Regular revision of these concise points will aid quick recall during the Prelims and strengthen answer framing for the Mains.