Overview The Green Credit Programme (GCP) was launched to boost green cover, enhance carbon sequestration and restore degraded forest lands. It operates under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and is administered by the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) . Key Developments Green Credit Rules, 2023 were notified on 12 Oct 2023, providing the legal basis for issuing green credits. Modality for tree plantation and eco‑restoration of degraded forest lands was first issued on 22 Feb 2024 and revised on 29 Aug 2025. A dedicated portal ( moefcc‑gep.in ) now facilitates applications, monitoring and credit issuance. Only after a minimum five‑year establishment period and achieving at least 40 % canopy density can applicants claim green credits. Verified land parcels are selected by State Forest Departments and overseen by the DNO and SNO . Important Facts GCP encourages the use of indigenous species based on site suitability for afforestation. Restored forest lands can be counted towards Compensatory Afforestation requirements under the Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) adhiniyam, 1980 . Benefits extend to local communities through increased timber, non‑timber forest produce, fodder, water and other ecosystem services. The programme aligns with the LIFE movement , fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. UPSC Relevance Understanding GCP is essential for GS‑4 (Environment) as it illustrates how policy instruments translate into on‑ground forest restoration, carbon sequestration and community benefits. The scheme also touches upon inter‑governmental coordination (central‑state), use of technology (portal), and legal frameworks (environmental statutes), all of which are frequent essay topics. Way Forward Strengthen monitoring mechanisms through satellite‑based canopy assessment to ensure the 40 % density target. Expand private‑sector participation by linking green credits to corporate ESG reporting. Integrate GCP outcomes with national climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. Enhance capacity building for forest officials (DNOs, SNOs) to streamline verification and avoid double counting.