Overview The 19th edition of the Joint Military exercise “ Exercise SURYAKIRAN XIX - 2025 ” between India and Nepal commenced on 25 November 2025 at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand . The exercise is scheduled to be conducted from 25 November to 08 December 2025 . This annual exercise aims to enhance military cooperation and interoperability between the two neighboring countries. Key Participants Indian Contingent The Indian contingent comprises 334 personnel, primarily represented by troops from the ASSAM Regiment . The participation of the ASSAM Regiment highlights India's focus on leveraging specialized expertise in mountainous terrain and jungle warfare. Nepal Contingent The Nepal side is also represented by 334 personnel, mainly from the DEVI DATTA Regiment . This balanced participation underscores the mutual commitment to strengthening defense cooperation. Objectives and Scope Primary Aim The primary aim of the exercise is to jointly rehearse the conduct of Sub Conventional operations under Chapter VII of the United Nations Mandate . This focus aligns with global efforts towards maintaining peace and security in challenging environments. Scope of the Exercise Strengthening battalion-level synergy in Jungle Warfare . Conducting Counter-Terrorism Operations in Mountainous Terrain. Enhancing Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief (HADR) capabilities. Improving Medical Response protocols. Promoting Environmental Conservation practices. Integrating Ground–Aviation Operations . Technological Integration This edition of Exercise SURYAKIRAN–XIX will emphasize incorporating niche and emerging technologies, including: Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Drone-based ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) AI-enabled decision support tools Unmanned logistic vehicles Armoured protection platforms These technological integrations aim to refine and adapt Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) for operating in counter-terrorism environments, aligning with prevailing global dynamics. Expected Outcomes The collective efforts will focus on achieving an enhanced level of interoperability among the troops and reducing the risk to life and property while keeping the interests and agenda of the UN at the forefront during peacekeeping operations. Both sides will exchange views and practices of joint drills on a wide spectrum of combat skills, facilitating mutual learning. Sharing best practices will further enhance the level of defense cooperation between the Indian Army and the Nepal Army. The exercise will also foster strong bilateral relations between the two neighboring nations. UPSC Relevance This exercise is relevant to GS2: International Relations , focusing on bilateral agreements and their impact. It also relates to GS3: Security , particularly concerning defense cooperation and counter-terrorism strategies. The inclusion of HADR also links to GS3: Disaster Management . Key Takeaways Exercise Name: SURYAKIRAN XIX - 2025 Participating Nations: India and Nepal Location: Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand Dates: 25 November - 08 December 2025 Focus: Sub Conventional Operations, Counter-Terrorism, HADR, Technological Integration