Iran Opens Strait of Hormuz to Selected Nations Amid an escalating regional conflict, Iran has announced that it will permit a group of "friendly" countries to use the Strait of Hormuz for commercial shipping. The decision, conveyed by Seyed Abbas Araghchi , aims to keep energy flows to nations it deems friendly while restricting vessels linked to its adversaries. Key Developments Iran explicitly allowed India, China, Russia, Iraq, and Pakistan to transit the waterway. Ships belonging to nations considered hostile – notably those aligned with the United States – will be barred. Global oil and LNG prices have surged after Iran’s near‑total blockage of the strait. U.S. President Donald Trump warned of severe repercussions if Iran does not fully reopen the lane. India has intensified diplomatic outreach to end the conflict in West Asia and safeguard uninterrupted energy supplies. Important Facts The strategic maritime chokepoint handles roughly one‑fifth of the world’s oil and LNG shipments. Any disruption can ripple through global markets, affecting fuel prices, freight costs, and the balance of trade for importing nations. For India, which sources a significant share of its energy from the Middle East, a prolonged blockade threatens both fuel and fertiliser security . UPSC Relevance Understanding the geopolitics of the Strait of Hormuz is essential for GS‑III (International Relations) and GS‑III (Energy Security). The episode illustrates how regional wars can translate into economic coercion, the role of diplomatic signaling, and the importance of maritime security for global trade. Aspirants should link this to India’s energy import dependence, the concept of ‘strategic autonomy’, and the impact of oil price volatility on inflation and fiscal balances. Way Forward India should continue high‑level diplomatic engagement with Iran and other regional players to keep the lane open. Diversify energy sources – increase renewable capacity and explore alternative oil import routes (e.g., via the Red Sea). Strengthen strategic reserves of fuel and fertilisers to cushion short‑term supply shocks. Monitor international legal frameworks governing freedom of navigation in international waters. By proactively managing diplomatic, energy, and security dimensions, India can mitigate the risks posed by the current standoff in the Strait of Hormuz .