<h2>Overview</h2>
<p><strong>Prime Minister Narendra Modi</strong> arrived in <strong>Rome</strong> on <strong>May 20, 2026</strong> for the final leg of his five‑nation tour. In talks with <strong>Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni</strong>, the two leaders agreed to upgrade bilateral relations to a <span class="key-term" data-definition="Special Strategic Partnership — a deepened bilateral agreement covering trade, investment, technology and strategic cooperation; important for GS2: Polity as it reflects foreign policy direction.">special strategic partnership</span>. The agreement aims to boost trade, investment and cooperation in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, critical minerals, space and nuclear energy.</p>
<h3>Key Developments</h3>
<ul>
<li>Both sides will review the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Joint Strategic Action Plan 2025‑2029 — a roadmap outlining cooperation in sectors like trade, investment, technology and cultural exchange; relevant to GS3: Economy and GS2: Polity.">Joint Strategic Action Plan 2025‑2029</span> to align future actions.</li>
<li>Emphasis on the <span class="key-term" data-definition="India‑Middle East‑Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) — a proposed trade and infrastructure network linking India with the Middle East and Europe, enhancing connectivity and economic integration; significant for GS3: Economy.">India‑Middle East‑Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)</span> as a strategic link.</li>
<li>Target set to raise annual bilateral trade to <strong>€20 billion by 2029</strong>, up from €14.25 billion in 2025.</li>
<li>Strengthening cultural ties, with a large Indian diaspora of <strong>1,86,833</strong> persons (2025) and over <strong>5,100</strong> Indian students in Italian universities.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Important Facts</h3>
<p>In 2025, <strong>bilateral trade</strong> between the two countries reached <strong>€14.25 billion</strong>. India exported goods worth <strong>€8.55 billion</strong>, while Italy’s exports to India stood at <strong>€5.70 billion</strong>, marking a <strong>9.42 per cent</strong> increase over 2024. Italy is <strong>India’s fourth‑largest trading partner in the European Union</strong> and has placed India among its priority countries in its global trade strategy.</p>
<h3>UPSC Relevance</h3>
<p>The upgrade to a <span class="key-term" data-definition="Special Strategic Partnership — a deeper level of bilateral engagement that often includes security, economic and technological cooperation; a key concept in GS2: Polity for analysing India’s foreign policy.">special strategic partnership</span> reflects India’s broader push to diversify its strategic partnerships beyond traditional allies. Understanding the <span class="key-term" data-definition="India‑Middle East‑Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) — a multi‑modal trade route that will enhance India’s access to European markets via the Middle East, relevant for GS3: Economy and GS2: Polity.">IMEC</span> helps aspirants gauge
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