The MoHFW has detailed a multi‑pronged strategy to prevent and control vector‑borne diseases (VBDs) such as malaria, dengue and JE . The plan, executed through the NHM and the NCVBDC , targets early detection, vector control, vaccination and public awareness, particularly as the summer and monsoon seasons approach. Key Developments Free UIP JE vaccine (2 doses) for children aged 9‑12 months and 16‑24 months. Establishment of a network of SSHs and ARLs for free diagnosis of dengue and JE; test kits supplied by the centre. Implementation of IVM measures: indoor residual spraying, distribution of long‑lasting insecticidal nets, larvivorous fish, bio‑larvicides and source‑reduction activities. Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) campaigns through social, electronic and print media, and observance of World Malaria Day (25 April), National Dengue Day (16 May) and Anti‑Dengue Month (July). Regular inter‑sectoral coordination meetings between MoHFW, MoHUA , state health departments and urban local bodies. Important Facts Public health remains a State subject ; the centre provides financial and technical assistance under NHM. Surveillance strategy combines active, passive and sentinel approaches for early case detection. Vector control prioritises high‑risk districts with IRS and LLINs, while urban areas focus on larval source management. Capacity‑building programmes aim at training health workers, municipal staff and community volunteers. UPSC Relevance Understanding the governance framework for VBD control is essential for GS 2 (Health) and GS 3 (Security & Disaster Management). The scheme illustrates federal‑state cooperation, inter‑ministerial coordination (MoHFW‑MoHUA), and the use of public‑health infrastructure (SSHs, ARLs). Aspirants should note the policy instruments—vaccination under UIP, IVM, BCC—and the role of seasonal preparedness, which are frequently asked in answer‑writing and interview contexts. Way Forward To sustain gains, the government must strengthen data‑driven surveillance, expand LLIN coverage in emerging malaria pockets, and enhance community participation in source‑reduction. Scaling up research on insecticide resistance and climate‑change impacts on vector ecology will further align India’s VBD strategy with global health security commitments.