Overview The state‑run MRPL has declared force majeure on all gasoline cargoes scheduled for March and April. The move follows the escalation of hostilities between the United States and Iran, which has disrupted oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz . Key Developments MRPL issued a force‑majeure notice for its March‑April gasoline exports, citing the inability to ship via the Strait of Hormuz. Shipping through the strait has virtually halted after Iranian vessels were struck following US‑Israeli attacks. India is actively scouting alternative crude sources, including Venezuelan oil, after halting Russian imports to comply with Western sanctions. Domestic refiners hold about a 25‑day stock of crude, gasoline, gasoil and LPG, providing a short‑term buffer. Important Facts MRPL operates a 500,000‑barrel‑per‑day refinery in Karnataka and accounts for roughly 40% of India’s refined fuel exports . Indian refiners source about 40% of their crude from West Asia , supplemented by spot market purchases and domestic production. The government reports that current crude inventories can meet demand for about 25 days , while refined product stocks (gasoil, gasoline, LPG) also cover a similar period. UPSC Relevance This episode illustrates the interplay of geopolitics, energy security, and contractual law – core topics for GS III (Economy) and GS II (Polity & International Relations). Understanding force majeure helps aspirants analyse how external shocks reshape India’s import‑export dynamics. The disruption of the Strait of Hormuz underscores the strategic importance of maritime routes, a frequent UPSC question. Additionally, the shift towards Venezuelan oil reflects policy adaptation to sanctions regimes. Way Forward To mitigate future supply shocks, India may need to: Diversify crude import sources beyond West Asia and Russia. Expand strategic petroleum reserves and maintain higher crude inventories as a buffer. Develop alternative shipping corridors or increase reliance on LPG and LNG imports via safer routes. Strengthen diplomatic engagement to ensure the security of maritime chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz. These steps will enhance India’s energy resilience and reduce vulnerability to geopolitical upheavals.