Overview The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced the start of a free, single‑dose Gardasil‑4 vaccination programme on 28 February 2026 . The scheme targets approximately 1.2 crore eligible girls aged 14 across all 36 states and Union Territories, aiming to curb cervical‑cancer incidence. Key Developments Vaccination is provided free of cost at all government health facilities – Ayushman Arogya Mandirs , Primary Health Centres ( PHCs ), Community Health Centres ( CHCs ), Sub‑District and District Hospitals, and Government Medical Colleges. The campaign runs for three months, after which the vaccine will be available on routine immunisation days. Vaccinations are administered in the presence of a medical officer; sites are linked to 24×7 AEFI Management Centres for prompt response. Parental consent is mandatory; the programme is voluntary. Operational guidelines have been circulated to all States/UTs for uniform implementation. Important Facts The programme is part of a broader, multi‑faceted cervical‑cancer control strategy that includes: Population‑based screening and early diagnosis. Timely treatment facilities for precancerous lesions and cancer. Public awareness campaigns on risk factors and preventive measures. Details on vaccine efficacy and safety are available in the SmPC on the CDSCO website. UPSC Relevance Understanding this initiative is crucial for several GS papers: GS‑3 (Health) : Illustrates government’s preventive health strategy, vaccine rollout logistics, and public‑health safety mechanisms. GS‑2 (Polity) : Highlights federal‑state coordination, the role of the Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare ( Smt. Anupriya Patel ) and the legal framework for mandatory consent. GS‑4 (Ethics) : Raises ethical considerations around voluntary vaccination, informed consent, and equitable access in rural/underserved areas. Way Forward For sustained impact, the following steps are recommended: Strengthen cold‑chain infrastructure to maintain vaccine potency, especially in remote regions. Integrate HPV vaccination with existing school health programmes to improve coverage. Enhance community mobilisation and awareness to address vaccine hesitancy. Monitor epidemiological data to assess reduction in HPV infection rates and cervical‑cancer incidence. Scale up screening and treatment capacities to complement vaccination benefits. Effective implementation will not only reduce the disease burden but also serve as a model for large‑scale preventive health interventions in India.