<h2>अवलोकन</h2> <p>On <strong>16 March 2024</strong>, a massive explosion struck a drug‑rehabilitation centre in eastern Kabul, killing at least <strong>411 लोग</strong> and injuring many more. The blast, which devastated the "Camp Omid" facility, is widely attributed to a strike by <span class="key-term" data-definition="Islamic Republic of Pakistan — South Asian nation whose foreign policy and cross‑border actions are central to India‑Pakistan relations and regional security (GS2: International Relations)">Pakistan</span>. The incident has reignited debate over civilian protection, accountability for <span class="key-term" data-definition="War crimes — serious violations of international humanitarian law, such as intentional attacks on civilians or protected sites; a key concern for GS2 and GS4">युद्ध अपराध</span>, and the role of international mechanisms like the <span class="key-term" data-definition="International Criminal Court — permanent tribunal that prosecutes individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression (GS2: International Law)">ICC</span> in Afghanistan.</p> <h3>मुख्य विकास</h3> <ul> <li>UN agencies, 17 humanitarian NGOs and rights bodies (e.g., <span class="key-term" data-definition="Amnesty International — global human‑rights organization that monitors violations and advocates for accountability (GS2: International Relations)">Amnesty International</span>, Human Rights Watch) demanded an independent investigation.</li> <li>The <span class="key-term" data-definition="UNAMA — United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, mandated to monitor civilian impact of the conflict and document violations (GS2: International Relations)">UNAMA</span> confirmed the death toll and said its inquiry would rely on witnesses, doctors and site examinations.</li> <li>The Taliban government, which controls Afghanistan, allowed media, diplomats and NGOs access to the site and claimed to have "shared the evidence" with investigators.</li> <li>U.N. special rapporteur on Afghanistan, <strong>Richard Bennett</strong>, placed initial responsibility on Pakistan, stating that the alleged perpetrator must account for the violations.</li> <li>Legal experts, including <strong>Kenneth Roth</strong> (Princeton University), warned that isolated incidents are unlikely to trigger ICC prosecution without a pattern of similar attacks.</li> </ul> <h3>महत्वपूर्ण तथ्य</h3> <p>The victims included many civilians: mothers, fathers, and young labourers. One survivor’s mother, <strong>Samira Muhammadi</strong>, lost her 20‑year‑old son, <strong>Aref Khan</strong>, who had been admitted to the centre for methamphetamine addiction. Photographs taken moments before the blast show Khan receiving food at the facility. The blast’s force made identification of bodies difficult, and some were found torn and burned, according to the Norwegian Refugee Council.</p> <p>Pakistan has asserted that it targeted a "military installation" and has no</p>