Overview The Press Information Bureau (PIB) fact‑check unit has identified more than 50 instances of manipulated content – ranging from deepfakes to AI‑generated videos – circulating on platforms such as X, Instagram and Facebook in the last month. Most of these posts originated from accounts labelled as “Pakistani propaganda”, aiming to malign Indian officials and create panic around defence, economic and health issues. Key Developments (Bullet Points) Fake videos of President Droupadi Murmu , Prime Minister Narendra Modi , Defence Minister Rajnath Singh , External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar , Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Chief of Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi were flagged. At least a dozen posts employed deepfakes or AI to fabricate statements. A video falsely claimed Pakistan destroyed India’s Rafale jets . Several AI‑generated clips promised unrealistic returns (₹80,000 in a day, up to ₹15 lakh per month) on small investments, targeting the public with fraudulent schemes. Manipulated content linked the Indian government to an alleged $3 billion grant to the Afghan Taliban and to an attack on an Iranian ship, both untrue. False claims warned of petrol‑diesel price hikes after Iran allegedly closed the Strait of Hormuz . Misleading videos suggested Indian security forces withdrew from Manipur and that an Indian Air Force helicopter was captured by extremists. A fabricated report of a human case of avian influenza in India was also circulated. Important Facts The fact‑check unit highlighted that the deepfakes were deliberately shared to “mislead the public as part of Pakistan’s ongoing misinformation campaign against India”. The unit cautioned citizens to verify claims through official sources and avoid clicking suspicious links. It also warned that AI‑generated content can be indistinguishable from authentic footage, raising the stakes for digital literacy. UPSC Relevance Understanding the mechanics of Pakistani propaganda is crucial for GS2 (Polity) and GS3 (Security) as it reflects modern information warfare. The rise of deepfakes and AI in misinformation tests the ethical and legal frameworks covered under GS4. Moreover, the false narratives around strategic assets like Rafale jets and the Strait of Hormuz intersect with GS3 topics on defence procurement and geopolitics. Way Forward Strengthen institutional capacity of agencies like PIB to rapidly debunk false content. Integrate digital‑media literacy modules in school and civil‑service training to help aspirants identify deepfakes. Encourage inter‑agency coordination between Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Ministry of Defence and intelligence services to track cross‑border propaganda networks. Promote transparent communication from ministries on critical issues (defence acquisitions, economic schemes) to pre‑empt misinformation. Vigilance, prompt fact‑checking and public awareness are essential to counter the growing threat of AI‑driven misinformation in India’s security and information environment.