Overview On 3 March 2026 , Narendra Modi held telephone conversations with the Sultan of Oman and the Crown Prince of Kuwait . The talks came as the Gulf conflict intensified during the holy month of Ramadan . India reiterated its call for diplomacy and urged restraint to protect civilians and the Indian diaspora. Key Developments Phone call with Sultan Haitham bin Tarik of Oman – expressed concern over attacks in the region and the safety of Indian nationals. Conversation with H.H. Sheikh Sabah Al‑Khaled Al‑Hamad Al‑Mubarak Al‑Sabah , Crown Prince of Kuwait – similar concerns voiced and assurance of cooperation. Earlier, on 2 March 2026 , Modi spoke with King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain and Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman of Saudi Arabia, condemning attacks on Bahrain and thanking Bahrain for support to Indians. The Ministry of External Affairs issued a statement urging all parties to exercise restraint, avoid escalation, and prioritize civilian safety. Important Facts The MEA highlighted that the conflict’s intensity has risen “significantly and continuously” during Ramadan , a period when many regional actors observe heightened religious sensitivities. India’s diplomatic outreach targeted three GCC states – Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain – underscoring the country’s strategic interest in maintaining stability for its expatriate workforce and trade routes. UPSC Relevance Understanding India’s foreign policy response to the Gulf conflict is essential for GS 2 (International Relations) and GS 3 (Energy Security). The emphasis on protecting the Indian diaspora aligns with the “Indian diaspora” chapter in the Polity syllabus. The timing during Ramadan illustrates how cultural‑religious calendars can influence diplomatic calculations, a point relevant for GS 1 (Historical Context) and GS 4 (Ethics – sensitivity to cultural norms). Way Forward India is likely to continue high‑level engagements with GCC nations, seeking collective diplomatic pressure on the warring parties to return to dialogue. Monitoring the evolution of the conflict, especially any escalation during religious observances, will be crucial for future policy formulation. Aspirants should track subsequent statements from the MEA and any multilateral initiatives involving the United Nations or the Gulf Cooperation Council.