RDI Scheme and Related Initiatives to Accelerate Private‑Sector Research The Ministry of Science & Technology has introduced the Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme on 03 Nov 2025 . The scheme aims to mobilise private capital for research in energy transition, deep‑tech, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, mining and other sectors critical to Atmanirbhar Bharat . Key Developments Total outlay: ₹1 lakh crore over six years. Target sectors: energy security, quantum computing, robotics, space, AI applications, biotech, digital agriculture and strategic technologies. Implementation through a competitive, proposal‑based mechanism. TDB and BIRAC designated as Second‑Level Fund Managers (SLFMs) and issued calls for proposals on 4 Feb 2026 and 13 Feb 2026 respectively. Funding eligible for start‑ups, companies and industry‑led R&D projects at TRL 4+ in strategic and sunrise sectors. Supporting Structures The NM‑ICPS carries an outlay of ₹3,660 crore , establishing 25 Technology Innovation Hubs (TIHs) . One notable hub, the Technology Innovation in Exploration & Mining Foundation at IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, focuses on mining technologies from exploration to beneficiation. In parallel, the ANRF has launched missions such as the 2D Innovation Hub, EV Mission, MedTech Mission, AI for Science & Engineering, and the CRM Research Programme under its MAHA (Mission for Advancement in High‑Impact Areas). These programmes mandate participation of relevant industries, PSUs and start‑ups. Important Facts SLFMs will fund projects developing technologies at TRL 4 and above . TIHs support start‑ups in AI, ML, robotics, IoT, cybersecurity, mining, quantum tech and fintech. ANRF programmes are open‑call, national in scope, and include incubation, multi‑stage engagement and commercialisation support. All initiatives undergo periodic third‑party evaluation and expert advisory review to refine implementation. UPSC Relevance Understanding these schemes is vital for GS III (Science & Technology) and GS II (Economy) as they illustrate how the government leverages public‑private partnership to achieve strategic autonomy, boost indigenous R&D, and create high‑skill employment. The focus on deep‑tech aligns with India’s ambition to move up the value chain in global manufacturing and innovation. Way Forward For effective implementation, the government should: Ensure transparent, time‑bound disbursement of funds by SLFMs. Strengthen linkages between TIHs and industry clusters to facilitate technology transfer. Monitor progress through robust metrics like number of patents, commercial products and employment generated. Promote regional participation, especially in states like Jharkhand, to create inclusive innovation ecosystems. These measures will help translate the massive financial outlay into tangible outcomes, reinforcing India’s strategic and economic security.