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Supreme Court ने PMLA के तहत कॉग्निज़ेंस को BNSS के तहत पूर्व सुनवाई के बिना अमान्य घोषित किया

Supreme Court ने कहा कि BNSS के लागू होने के बाद PMLA के अपराध का कॉग्निज़ेंस लेना तब तक अमान्य है जब तक प्रथम प्रावधान Section 223(1) के अनुसार आरोपी को पूर्व सुनवाई नहीं दी जाती। कोर्ट ने Uttarakhand High Court के आदेश को निरस्त किया, Special Court को सुनवाई देने और आठ हफ्तों के भीतर पुनः कॉग्निज़ेंस लेने का निर्देश दिया, जिससे नए आपराधिक कोड के तहत प्रक्रियात्मक सुरक्षा को मजबूत किया गया।
The Supreme Court has ruled that when a magistrate takes cognizance of an alleged offence under the PMLA after the BNSS came into force, the order is void unless the first proviso of Section 223(1) is complied with. Key Developments The bench of Justice MM Sundresh and Justice Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh set aside the Uttarakhand High Court’s order that had taken cognizance without a hearing. The complaint was filed on 24 June 2024 under Sections 44 and 45 of the PMLA, but cognizance was taken on 2 July 2024 , after the BNSS replaced the CrPC (effective 1 July 2024). The Court rejected the argument that the magistrate’s administrative act of numbering the complaint amounted to an “inquiry” under the BNSS savings clause. The order taking cognizance was declared vitiated; the Special Court must grant a hearing and re‑take cognizance within eight weeks of the judgment. Important Facts • The Enforcement Directorate lodged the complaint. • The Special Court, created under the PMLA, is the trial forum for money‑laundering cases. • The Court held that a mere ministerial direction to register a complaint does not constitute an “inquiry” as defined in Section 2(1)(k) of BNSS. UPSC Relevance • Understanding the shift from the Criminal Procedure Code to the BNSS is essential for GS 2 (Polity) and GS 3 (Economy) questions on legal reforms. • The principle of cognizance and the mandatory prior hearing reflect procedur
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<p>The <span class="key-term" data-definition="Supreme Court — India’s apex judicial body that interprets the Constitution and settles disputes (GS2: Polity)">Supreme Court</span> has ruled that when a magistrate takes cognizance of an alleged offence under the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) — legislation aimed at curbing money‑laundering and related financial crimes (GS3: Economy)">PMLA</span> after the <span class="key-term" data-definition="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) — the new criminal procedure code that replaced the CrPC, emphasizing procedural safeguards for the accused (GS2: Polity)">BNSS</span> came into force, the order is void unless the first proviso of <span class="key-term" data-definition="Section 223(1) first proviso — a clause in BNSS that requires a prior hearing to the accused before a magistrate can take cognizance (GS2: Polity)">Section 223(1)</span> is complied with.</p> <h3>Key Developments</h3> <ul> <li>The bench of <strong>Justice MM Sundresh</strong> and <strong>Justice Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh</strong> set aside the Uttarakhand High Court’s order that had taken cognizance without a hearing.</li> <li>The complaint was filed on <strong>24 June 2024</strong> under Sections 44 and 45 of the PMLA, but cognizance was taken on <strong>2 July 2024</strong>, after the BNSS replaced the CrPC (effective 1 July 2024).</li> <li>The Court rejected the argument that the magistrate’s administrative act of numbering the complaint amounted to an “inquiry” under the BNSS savings clause.</li> <li>The order taking cognizance was declared vitiated; the Special Court must grant a hearing and re‑take cognizance within eight weeks of the judgment.</li> </ul> <h3>Important Facts</h3> <p>• The <span class="key-term" data-definition="Enforcement Directorate (ED) — the agency that investigates economic offences, especially under the PMLA (GS3: Economy)">Enforcement Directorate</span> lodged the complaint. <br> • The Special Court, created under the PMLA, is the trial forum for money‑laundering cases. <br> • The Court held that a mere ministerial direction to register a complaint does not constitute an “inquiry” as defined in <span class="key-term" data-definition="Section 2(1)(k) of BNSS — definition of ‘inquiry’ for the purpose of the savings clause (GS2: Polity)">Section 2(1)(k)</span> of BNSS.</p> <h3>UPSC Relevance</h3> <p>• Understanding the shift from the Criminal Procedure Code to the <span class="key-term" data-definition="BNSS — the new procedural code that strengthens the rights of the accused, a key development in Indian criminal law (GS2: Polity)">BNSS</span> is essential for GS 2 (Polity) and GS 3 (Economy) questions on legal reforms. <br> • The principle of <span class="key-term" data-definition="Cognizance — judicial act of taking notice of a complaint and deciding to proceed with trial (GS2: Polity)">cognizance</span> and the mandatory prior hearing reflect procedur
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Supreme Court says PMLA cognizance without pre‑hearing under BNSS is void, reinforcing procedural fairness.

Key Facts

  1. Supreme Court (Justices MM Sundresh & Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh) ruled that cognizance taken after BNSS without a prior hearing is void.
  2. BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) replaced the CrPC on 1 July 2024, introducing a mandatory pre‑cognizance hearing.
  3. Section 223(1) first proviso of BNSS mandates that a magistrate must hear the accused before taking cognizance of an offence.
  4. A complaint under PMLA Sections 44 & 45 was filed on 24 June 2024; cognizance was taken on 2 July 2024, after BNSS came into force.
  5. The Special Court must grant a hearing and re‑take cognizance within eight weeks of the Supreme Court judgment.
  6. The Court held that merely numbering a complaint is not an “inquiry” under BNSS savings clause (Section 2(1)(k)).
  7. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) lodged the original complaint, highlighting its role in money‑laundering investigations.

Background & Context

The judgment interprets the new procedural safeguards introduced by BNSS, a key reform in criminal law. It links procedural fairness under the Constitution with economic offences under the PMLA, a frequent topic in GS‑2 and GS‑3 exams.

UPSC Syllabus Connections

Prelims_GS•Constitution and Political SystemEssay•Philosophy, Ethics and Human ValuesPrelims_GS•National Current AffairsGS2•Executive and Judiciary - structure, organization and functioningGS3•Role of external state and non-state actors in security challenges

Mains Answer Angle

In a Mains answer, discuss how BNSS strengthens due‑process rights and its impact on the prosecution of financial crimes. This can be framed for GS‑2 (Polity) or GS‑3 (Economy) questions on legal reforms and anti‑money‑laundering policy.

Analysis

Practice Questions

GS2
Easy
Prelims MCQ

BNSS के तहत पूर्व‑स्वीकृति सुनवाई की आवश्यकता

1 marks
4 keywords
GS2
Medium
Mains Short Answer

BNSS के तहत प्रक्रियात्मक सुरक्षा उपाय

5 marks
5 keywords
GS3
Hard
Mains Essay

कानूनी सुधार, एंटी‑मनी‑लॉन्डरिंग नीति, प्रक्रियात्मक सुरक्षा उपाय

15 marks
5 keywords
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Key Insight

Supreme Court says PMLA cognizance without pre‑hearing under BNSS is void, reinforcing procedural fairness.

Key Facts

  1. Supreme Court (Justices MM Sundresh & Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh) ruled that cognizance taken after BNSS without a prior hearing is void.
  2. BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) replaced the CrPC on 1 July 2024, introducing a mandatory pre‑cognizance hearing.
  3. Section 223(1) first proviso of BNSS mandates that a magistrate must hear the accused before taking cognizance of an offence.
  4. A complaint under PMLA Sections 44 & 45 was filed on 24 June 2024; cognizance was taken on 2 July 2024, after BNSS came into force.
  5. The Special Court must grant a hearing and re‑take cognizance within eight weeks of the Supreme Court judgment.
  6. The Court held that merely numbering a complaint is not an “inquiry” under BNSS savings clause (Section 2(1)(k)).
  7. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) lodged the original complaint, highlighting its role in money‑laundering investigations.

Background

The judgment interprets the new procedural safeguards introduced by BNSS, a key reform in criminal law. It links procedural fairness under the Constitution with economic offences under the PMLA, a frequent topic in GS‑2 and GS‑3 exams.

UPSC Syllabus

  • Prelims_GS — Constitution and Political System
  • Essay — Philosophy, Ethics and Human Values
  • Prelims_GS — National Current Affairs
  • GS2 — Executive and Judiciary - structure, organization and functioning
  • GS3 — Role of external state and non-state actors in security challenges

Mains Angle

In a Mains answer, discuss how BNSS strengthens due‑process rights and its impact on the prosecution of financial crimes. This can be framed for GS‑2 (Polity) or GS‑3 (Economy) questions on legal reforms and anti‑money‑laundering policy.

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Supreme Court ने PMLA के तहत कॉग्निज़ेंस क... | UPSC Current Affairs