Overview The Tamil Nadu government has approached the Supreme Court asserting that the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Scheme (JNV) is fundamentally incompatible with the state’s two‑language policy. In an affidavit filed by senior advocate P. Wilson and advocate Sabarish Subramanium , Tamil Nadu argues that the scheme’s mandatory three‑language formula would breach the Tamil Nadu Tamil Learning Act of 2006. Key Developments Affidavit claims the three‑language requirement forces a deviation from the state’s legal mandate, which is “impermissible in law”. Tamil Nadu labels the scheme as a “backdoor” attempt to make Hindi compulsory in schools. The state highlights its own network of 38 model residential schools (₹50 crore capital cost each; total O&M ≈ ₹210 crore) already serving rural merit students. In January 2026, Tamil Nadu met Centre officials seeking financial support to avoid duplication and preserve legislative autonomy. The affidavit points to delayed release of the central share under the Samagra Shiksha Scheme and the Right to Education component. Important Facts Total central share approved for FY 2024‑25 & 2025‑26: ₹13,998.82 crore . Amount released so far: ₹450.60 crore (under RTE). Pending central assistance: ₹3,548.22 crore , needed for salaries, infrastructure, and student welfare. State‑run residential schools cost: ₹50 crore per school (capital) and ₹210 crore for operations and maintenance. UPSC Relevance The dispute touches upon several core UPSC themes: Federalism and Centre‑State Relations : The case tests the constitutional balance between Union‑initiated education schemes and state legislative competence over language policy. Language Policy : Highlights the political sensitivity of the three‑language formula and state‑specific language acts. Education Financing : Illustrates the role of centrally sponsored schemes like Samagra Shiksha and the challenges of delayed fund transfers. Judicial Review : Demonstrates how the Supreme Court can be invoked to resolve policy conflicts. Way Forward For a sustainable resolution, the following steps are advisable: Initiate a dialogue between the Union Ministry of Education and Tamil Nadu to explore a modified JNV model that respects the two‑language framework while retaining core objectives. Accelerate the release of pending central funds under Samagra Shiksha to prevent financial strain on state‑run schools. Consider a pilot “regional‑language‑focused” Navodaya scheme in Tamil‑dominant districts as a test case for cooperative federalism. Strengthen mechanisms for timely monitoring of fund disbursement to avoid future disputes. These measures can help balance national educational goals with state linguistic autonomy, a recurring theme in India’s federal structure.