Overview The Technology Development Board (TDB) under the Department of Science & Technology (DST) has approved financial support for APChemi Private Limited’s Indo‑Singapore collaborative venture. The project, titled “ AI‑Integrated Microwave Plasma System for Controlled Synthesis of Functional Carbon Nanostructures and Diamond‑Graphene Hybrid Materials,” seeks to create a dual‑output technology platform that simultaneously generates hydrogen and premium carbon products. Key Developments Funding extended under the Indo‑Singapore Call for Proposals . Design of an AI‑driven microwave plasma reactor with custom swirling vortex nozzles to maximise energy absorption. Singapore partner Commsens to provide real‑time plasma diagnostics and AI‑based control algorithms. Pilot plant capacity: ~ 4 kg/h hydrogen and ~ 12 kg/h carbon nanomaterials (functional nanostructures, diamond‑graphene hybrids). Industrial‑scale gas separation, quenching and carbon collection to be handled by APChemi. Important Facts The core process is microwave plasma pyrolysis . By feeding methane into the plasma, the system breaks C‑H bonds, releasing hydrogen and forming carbon radicals that condense into valuable solids such as graphite, carbon black, and graphene. AI algorithms continuously monitor parameters like microwave power, gas flow, electron density and plasma temperature, dynamically adjusting conditions to optimise hydrogen yield and tailor carbon morphology for applications ranging from battery‑grade graphite to advanced nanostructures. The dual‑revenue model leverages the high market value of carbon nanomaterials to offset hydrogen production costs, addressing a key economic barrier for clean‑hydrogen deployment. UPSC Relevance Illustrates India’s strategy of leveraging international technology collaborations for clean‑energy goals. Highlights the role of public‑sector agencies like TDB and DST in fostering industry‑academia partnerships. Connects to GS‑III topics: renewable energy, hydrogen economy, advanced materials, and AI‑driven manufacturing. Provides a case study for questions on sustainable industrial processes, carbon‑neutral pathways, and the economic viability of emerging clean‑tech. Way Forward To translate pilot‑scale success into commercial deployment, the following steps are essential: Scale‑up the reactor while maintaining AI‑controlled precision to ensure consistent product quality. Develop supply‑chain linkages for methane feedstock and downstream markets for carbon nanomaterials. Formulate policy incentives (e.g., tax credits, green hydrogen subsidies) to encourage adoption by energy‑intensive sectors. Strengthen Indo‑Singapore research ties through joint patents and technology transfer agreements. Monitor environmental impact and lifecycle emissions to validate the CO₂‑free claim. Successful implementation could position India as a leader in integrated clean‑hydrogen and advanced‑material technologies, aligning with the nation’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and the hydrogen‑economy roadmap.