Overview The Madras High Court delivered a significant verdict on December 02, 2025 , affirming the rights of the Tenkalai sect of Vaishnavites in Kancheepuram to exclusively recite specific hymns during ceremonial worship at the Devarajaswamy Temple . This decision resolves a protracted dispute with the Vadakalai sect, emphasizing the importance of maintaining religious traditions while upholding constitutional principles. Key Developments Court Ruling A Division Bench of Justices R. Suresh Kumar and S. Sounthar ruled that only the Tenkalai sect is entitled to recite Srisaila Dayapathram , Nalayira Divyaprabandham , and Manavala Mamunigal Vaazhi Thirunamam during worship. The Vadakalai sect is prohibited from interfering by reciting Desikan Vaazhi Thirunamam or other hymns. Historical Context The dispute between the two sects has persisted for over 200 years , concerning Adhiapaka Mirasi (official performance of services to the deity). Previous judgments in 1882 , 1915 , 1939 , and 1970 consistently favored the Tenkalai sect's rights. Sectarian Differences Both Tenkalai and Vadakalai sects are followers of Saint Ramanujar but differ in their spiritual gurus: Tenkalai: Follow the teachings of Manavala Mamunigal and are identified by a Y-shaped insignia . Vadakalai: Follow the teachings of Vedanta Desikan and are identified by a U-shaped insignia . Constitutional Arguments The Vadakalai sect argued that previous judgments predated the Constitution and did not consider fundamental rights under Articles 25 and 26 . However, the court rejected this argument, stating that: "The right to freedom of religion enshrined under Articles 25 and 26 of the Constitution cannot be expanded to affect the rights of office-holders and to vitiate the peaceful atmosphere in the temple." Judgment Rationale Justice Sounthar emphasized that only official priests or office-holders are entitled to perform specific services in the temple. Ordinary devotees cannot emulate these roles under the guise of exercising religious freedom. The court also noted that Adhiapaka Mirasi involves property rights (share in voluntary contributions), further solidifying the Tenkalai sect's claim. UPSC Relevance GS1: Indian Culture This case provides insights into religious practices, sectarian differences, and the historical evolution of traditions within Hinduism. Understanding the nuances of Vaishnavism and temple rituals is crucial for this section. GS2: Polity and Constitution The judgment highlights the interpretation and application of Articles 25 and 26 (Freedom of Religion) and the judiciary's role in balancing religious rights with public order and existing legal precedents. This is relevant for understanding fundamental rights and judicial review. Key Terms for UPSC Tenkalai & Vadakalai: Understanding the differences between these Vaishnavite sects is important for cultural awareness. Adhiapaka Mirasi: Knowledge of this term is crucial for understanding temple administration and religious practices. Articles 25 & 26: Familiarity with these constitutional articles is essential for Polity and Governance.