Overview A field study by Toxics Link surveyed 560 locations in Bh ubaneswar, Delhi, Guwahati and Mumbai between April‑August 2025 . The study, released on 25 March 2026 , found that about 84% of the sites continue to sell or provide items prohibited under India’s single‑use plastic ban . Key Developments Highest non‑compliance was in Bhubaneswar (89%) , followed by Delhi (86%), Mumbai (85%) and Guwahati (76%). Informal markets and small vendors showed the greatest presence of banned items; organised malls performed better. About 91% of vendors reported that customers request carry bags; only 55% of customers bring their own. Cost advantage of plastic and perceived hygiene of disposable cutlery drive continued use. The report calls for stronger enforcement, regular inspections and incentives for small traders. Important Facts The survey covered a mix of street stalls, juice kiosks, religious sites, railway platforms and retail outlets. Thin plastic bags, disposable cutlery, cups, plates and straws were the most common prohibited items. Vendors cited two main constraints: lack of affordable sustainable alternatives and strong customer demand. Among alternatives, bagasse plates, wooden cutlery, steel utensils and reusable plastic bags (>120 microns ) were highlighted. UPSC Relevance Understanding the gap between policy intent and ground‑level implementation is vital for GS III (Environment) and GS II (Polity) questions on environmental legislation, federal‑state coordination and regulatory enforcement. The study illustrates challenges in enforcement of a national ban, the role of consumer behaviour, and the need for coordinated action among ministries, municipal bodies and the private sector. The recommendations echo discussions at the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution held in Geneva in 2025, linking domestic policy to global commitments. Way Forward Introduce a unified monitoring framework with periodic inspections and uniform penalties for violations. Scale up local production of affordable sustainable alternatives and streamline supply chains. Launch sustained public‑awareness campaigns to shift consumer perception that disposables are more hygienic. Provide targeted financial incentives or subsidies to small vendors for transitioning to alternatives. Strengthen coordination between central and state pollution control boards, municipal corporations and law‑enforcement agencies. Addressing these gaps can help India meet its plastic pollution targets and improve urban cleanliness, a recurring theme in UPSC prelims and mains.