Overview The White House under President Donald Trump and Israel under Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu launched a full‑scale attack on Iran on 28 February 2026 . The strike killed Iran’s Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and several senior officials, igniting a retaliatory missile and drone campaign that threatens regional stability and global oil supplies. Key Developments US‑Israeli missiles hit Iranian targets, killing the Supreme Leader and top commanders. Iran responded with missile and drone attacks on Israeli and American bases in the Persian Gulf and Jordan. Tehran announced the closure of the Strait of Hormuz , risking a sharp rise in oil prices. Diplomatic talks mediated by Oman were abruptly halted; Omani mediation had been close to a deal on Iran’s nuclear programme. The conflict is not a “pre‑emptive” war; there was no credible evidence of an imminent Iranian attack. Important Facts Since taking office, President Trump has ordered air strikes in at least seven countries . The 2026 attack marks the first time a US‑Israeli joint operation has directly eliminated a foreign head of state. The move violates international norms and has drawn condemnation from the ICC , which has an outstanding warrant against Netanyahu for alleged war crimes against Palestinians. Iran’s decision to close the Strait of Hormuz could cut off roughly 20 % of world oil trade , severely impacting oil‑importing economies such as India. UPSC Relevance • GS‑2 (Polity & International Relations) : Understanding the role of the White House , US‑Israel strategic partnership, and the legal implications of violating the UN Charter. • GS‑3 (Economy) : Impact of the Strait of Hormuz closure on global oil prices, trade balances, and energy security of India. • GS‑2 (International Law) : Role of the ICC and the concept of “pre‑emptive war”. • GS‑2 (Diplomacy) : Significance of Omani mediation and the collapse of the JCPOA framework. Way Forward India should diversify oil import routes and build strategic reserves to mitigate a potential Strait of Hormuz disruption. Diplomatic engagement through neutral mediators (e.g., Oman, Qatar) to revive nuclear talks and prevent further escalation. Strengthen multilateral mechanisms, including the UN Security Council and the ICC , to hold violators accountable and uphold the rules‑based order. Monitor US‑Israel coordination for any further unilateral actions that could breach international law.