Union Environment Minister Shri Bhupender Yadav chaired the 90 th meeting of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) ’s Standing Committee (SC‑NBWL) in Dehradun. The session examined cross‑sectoral infrastructure proposals and adopted a MoU between the Forest Survey of India (FSI) and BISAG‑N for deploying geospatial, remote‑sensing and AI/ML solutions in forest fire management and wildlife conservation. Key Developments Discussion on infrastructure projects (roads, drinking water, transmission lines, defence, irrigation) and their impact on wildlife habitats. Signing of the FSI‑BISAG‑N MoU to strengthen decision‑support systems using advanced spatial and artificial‑intelligence tools. Review of progress on the 7 th NBWL meeting decisions, including species recovery and habitat management programmes. Deliberation on maintaining environmental flows in the River Chambal for dolphins, gharials and other aquatic fauna during lean seasons. Focus on conservation of grasslands and rangelands, highlighting their role in biodiversity, carbon sequestration, dry‑land resilience and pastoral livelihoods. Assessment of nomadic and pastoral communities’ dependence on Protected Areas and the need for balanced conservation‑livelihood strategies. Recommendation for a comprehensive action plan for the wild water buffalo . Important Facts The MoU aims to integrate satellite‑based monitoring, machine‑learning algorithms and GIS mapping to improve early fire detection, habitat suitability analysis and real‑time wildlife tracking. The Committee stressed that grasslands and rangelands remain under‑represented in national planning and should be aligned with Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) commitments. UPSC Relevance Understanding the institutional framework ( Wildlife (Protection) Act ) and the role of inter‑agency collaborations is essential for GS‑2 (Polity) and GS‑1 (Environment). The use of AI/ML in conservation reflects the growing importance of technology in governance, a recurring UPSC theme. Issues such as environmental flows, grassland restoration and pastoral livelihoods intersect with sustainable development goals, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, all core to GS‑1. Way Forward Implement the FSI‑BISAG‑N MoU by establishing pilot projects in fire‑prone forests and critical wildlife corridors. Integrate grassland and rangeland mapping into the National Land Use Planning framework, linking it with LDN targets. Formulate a species‑specific action plan for the wild water buffalo, including habitat protection, anti‑poaching measures and community‑based monitoring. Ensure that infrastructure proposals undergo rigorous environmental impact assessments that factor in wildlife corridors and riverine ecosystems.