Overview Dr Jitendra Singh , Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science & Technology, delivered the P. Parameswaran Memorial Lecture on National Science Day in Thiruvananthapuram. He traced India’s transformation from the “ Fragile Five ” to a nation poised to become the world’s third‑largest economy and achieve Viksit Bharat @2047 . Key Developments India’s rank in the Global Innovation Index rose from 81st (2014) to 38th (2024). Over 2 lakh startups now generate more than 21 lakh jobs ; half originate from Tier‑2/3 cities and many are women‑led. India ranks 6th globally in patent filings , with >60% filed by resident inventors. Scientific output places India among the top nations in publications and highly‑cited papers; thousands of Indian scientists are in the global top‑2%. Policy reforms have opened the space economy to private players, boosting exports and self‑reliance. The Ocean Mission aims to tap deep‑sea resources as a future growth engine. Important Facts Key policy initiatives cited include NEP 2020 , Start Up India , Atal Innovation Mission , and financial schemes such as PM Mudra Yojana , PM Vishwakarma Yojana and PM SVANidhi that empower artisans, street vendors and small entrepreneurs. UPSC Relevance The lecture touches upon several GS‑paper topics: the economic trajectory of India (GS3), the role of science & technology in nation‑building (GS3), policy frameworks like NEP 2020 and Start Up India (GS3), and the strategic importance of the Ocean Mission for resource security (GS3). Understanding the shift from a “Fragile Five” perception to a top‑3 economy helps answer questions on India’s development model, innovation ecosystem, and future challenges. Way Forward Dr Singh urged the youth—especially those studying abroad—to stay connected with India’s growth story. He emphasized building capacity, strengthening institutions, and creating an enabling ecosystem so that by 2047, when India celebrates 100 years of independence, it stands as a fully developed, innovation‑driven nation. Continued focus on research, private participation in space and ocean sectors, and inclusive entrepreneurship will be critical to achieving Viksit Bharat .