The Ministry of Home Affairs released a comprehensive update on the progress of the LWE mitigation programme in Bihar. The Union government, through the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) , has supplemented state efforts with financial, infrastructural and capacity‑building assistance. Key Security Interventions Allocation of Rs. 3,756.38 crore (2014‑15 onward) under the SRE scheme, of which Rs. 175.25 crore went to Bihar. Sanction of Rs. 1,761 crore for the SIS ; Bihar received Rs. 173.6 crore and now has 112 fortified police stations out of 660 nationwide. Establishment of 406 new security camps in core LWE zones and provision of helicopters via the ACALWEMS scheme (Rs. 1,267.02 crore since 2014‑15). Deployment of CAPFs to augment state police, creating a coordinated counter‑insurgency grid. Rehabilitation of surrendered cadres: immediate grants of Rs. 5 lakhs for senior cadres and Rs. 2.5 lakhs for others, plus a three‑year stipend of Rs. 10,000 per month for skill training. Developmental Initiatives Road connectivity: 17,319 km sanctioned under RRP‑I & RCPLWEA ; 15,068 km completed, including 2,497 km in Bihar. Telecom: 11,549 mobile towers planned, 9,627 operational (including 366 in Bihar). Skill development: 48 ITIs approved, 46 functional (9 in Bihar). Education: 259 EMRS sanctioned; 179 functional, with 2 in Bihar. Financial inclusion: 6,025 post offices (264 in Bihar), 1,804 bank branches (215 in Bihar), 1,321 ATMs (26 in Bihar) and 74,720 banking correspondents (17,855 in Bihar) operational. Special Central Assistance ( SCA ): Rs. 4,175.10 crore released nationwide, Rs. 462.57 crore to Bihar. Impact & Statistics Violent incidents have fallen from a peak of 1,936 in 2010 to 234 in 2025** (≈ 88% reduction). Civilian and security‑force deaths dropped from 1,005 (2010) to 100 (2025)** (≈ 90% reduction). In 2025, security forces neutralised 364 Naxals , arrested 1,022 and facilitated 2,337 surrenders. Police stations reporting LWE violence decreased from 465 (2010) to 119 (2025) . The number of LWE‑affected districts shrank from 126 (2013) to 2 (March 2026) . One district remains a ‘District of Concern’, while 35 are classified as ‘Legacy & Thrust’ districts – no longer LWE‑affected but still requiring support. Bihar contributes four such districts: Aurangabad, Gaya, Jamui and Lakhisarai. UPSC Relevance Understanding the Union‑State coordination in counter‑insurgency offers insights for GS 2 (Polity) – federalism, internal security, and law‑enforcement structures. The financial outlays and development schemes illustrate the use of central assistance mechanisms, pertinent to GS 3 (Economy) . The rehabilitation and livelihood components link to GS 4 (Ethics) – addressing human rights, rehabilitation, and inclusive development. Way Forward Consolidate gains by strengthening the capacity of state police and intelligence agencies. Accelerate completion of pending infrastructure (roads, telecom, schools) to sustain socio‑economic development. Enhance monitoring of financial flows to LWE through the Multi‑Disciplinary Groups and expand digital tracking. Scale up livelihood and skill‑training programmes to prevent re‑recruitment of cadres. Continued implementation of the 2015 policy framework, coupled with targeted development, is expected to eradicate LWE from Bihar and other affected regions.