The United States has issued a short‑term, 30‑day waiver allowing India to purchase Russian oil that is already stranded at sea. The measure is framed as a stop‑gap to cushion global oil markets amid the escalating conflict with Iran , and officials say it will not generate significant revenue for Moscow. Key Developments White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt confirmed the waiver is temporary and limited to oil already on vessels. Treasure Secretary Scott Bessent described the waiver as a "deliberately short‑term measure" that will not materially aid the Russian government. President Donald Trump previously imposed 25% punitive tariffs on India for buying Russian oil, but later removed them via an Executive Order after India pledged to curb direct imports from Moscow. The waiver is limited to a 30‑day waiver and applies only to oil already at sea, not new shipments. Important Facts The waiver is being processed by the Treasury Department . It is intended to "appease the temporary gap of oil supply" caused by the Iran‑related disruptions. Both the White House and the Treasury emphasise that the move is a stop‑gap, not a policy shift, and that India is expected to increase purchases of US oil in the longer term. UPSC Relevance Understanding this episode helps aspirants grasp: How sanctions and waivers are used as tools of energy diplomacy (GS3). The strategic importance of India‑US relations in the context of global energy security (GS1, GS3). The interplay between geopolitical conflicts (Iran‑Israel tensions) and global oil markets (GS3). The role of the Treasury Department and the President’s Executive Orders in shaping foreign economic policy (GS2, GS3). Way Forward Analysts anticipate that once the 30‑day waiver expires, India will rely more on US‑supplied oil, aligning with Washington’s broader objective of reducing Russian energy revenues. Monitoring future extensions or modifications of the waiver will be crucial, as will India’s compliance with its pledge to avoid direct imports from Russia. For UPSC candidates, tracking such policy adjustments offers insight into how major powers balance sanctions, energy security, and bilateral ties.