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AMRUT 2.0 (Atal Mission for Rejuvenat… — Govt Scheme for UPSC | Vaidra
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AMRUT 2.0 (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0)

Ministry of Housing & Urban AffairsactiveinfrastructureLaunched: 2015-01-01

About the Scheme

AMRUT 2.0 provides universal water supply and sewerage coverage to all 4,378 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India. Launched Oct 1, 2021. Total indicative outlay: ₹2,99,000 crore (incl. Centre ₹76,760 crore for 5 years). 8,998 projects worth ₹1,89,458 crore approved. Focus: sewerage, faecal sludge, water recycling, green spaces, technology. Deadline: March 2026.

Target Beneficiaries: All 4,378 ULBs across India; 10+ crore urban households; universal tap water + sewerage coverage

Implementing Agency: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, in partnership with State Governments and Urban Local Bodies

Official Website →

✦Key Features

  • Universal coverage: ALL 4,378 ULBs (vs AMRUT 1.0 which covered only 500 AMRUT cities)
  • Total indicative outlay: ₹2,99,000 crore; Central share: ₹76,760 crore over 5 years
  • 8,998 projects worth ₹1,89,458 crore approved (incl. O&M); ₹23,016 crore works completed (Nov 2024)
  • Focus: sewerage and septage management; water supply; water body rejuvenation; green spaces
  • Pey Jal Survekshan: ranking of cities for water supply service quality (annual survey)
  • Technology Sub-Mission: smart water metering; GIS-based asset management
  • Central assistance released: ₹11,756 crore (Dec 2024); 97% of released funds used by states

✓Eligibility Criteria

  • All cities with a population of 1 lakh and above.
  • Capital cities/towns of States/UTs.
  • Heritage cities (e.g., those under HRIDAY scheme).
  • Cities on the stem of main rivers and islands.

★Benefits

  • Improved access to basic urban services (water, sanitation).
  • Enhanced quality of life and public health in urban areas.
  • Reduced environmental pollution and urban flooding.
  • Development of sustainable and resilient urban infrastructure.

▶Application Process

  • States prepare and submit State Annual Action Plans (SAAPs) to the Ministry.
  • SAAPs are appraised and approved by an Apex Committee.
  • Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) prepare Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for approved projects.
  • DPRs are technically vetted and approved by State Level High Powered Steering Committee.
  • Funds are released by the Central Government to States based on project progress.
  • ULBs implement projects and ensure proper operation and maintenance.

₹ Budget Allocation

76760

Funding Ratio (Centre:State): Varies by population: 50% Central (below 1L), 33% (1L to 10L), 25% (above 10L)

Exam Relevance

GS Paper: GS2

Prelims Relevance8%
Mains Relevance8%

Syllabus Tags

Urban DevelopmentWater SupplySanitationInfrastructureGS2

Historical Context

Launched in Oct 2021 as a successor to AMRUT (2015) to achieve 100% water supply coverage in all statutory towns.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Rural areas (covered under Jal Jeevan Mission-Grameen)
  • Industrial townships with dedicated water supply systems

Sub-Schemes

Pey Jal Survekshan

A survey to assess the quality and quantity of water supplied and the recycling of used water.

Challenges

  • Non-Revenue Water (NRW) due to leakages and theft
  • Inadequate capacity of ULBs to manage large-scale STP/Sewerage projects
  • High cost of technology for tertiary treatment of sewage
  • Data gaps in household-level tap connection metrics

Reforms & Recommendations

  • Issuance of Municipal Bonds to fund water infrastructure
  • Introduction of volumetric water pricing to curb wastage
  • Mandatory rainwater harvesting in all new urban constructions

Performance Statistics

Metric

Rs 2,99,000 Crore

Source: MoHUA Dashboard

Metric

2.68 Crore

Source: PIB

Critical Analysis

AMRUT 2.0 transitions from 'infrastructure creation' (Phase 1) to 'water security' and 'circular economy'. The inclusion of all 4,378 statutory towns is a massive leap toward universal urban coverage. However, the success hinges on the financial health of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and their ability to implement 'User Charges' for water, which is politically sensitive.

SDG Linkages

SDG 6 (Clean Water & Sanitation)SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities)SDG 13 (Climate Action)

Constitutional Backing

12th Schedule (74th Amendment Act): Urban amenities including water supplyArticle 21: Right to clean water as part of Right to Life

Technology Used

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)GIS-based Master PlansOnline Building Permission System (OBPS)

Success Stories

Puri: 24x7 Water Supply

Key Takeaways

  • Universal coverage of water supply in 4,378 ULBs
  • Sewerage coverage in 500 AMRUT cities
  • Promotion of 'Circular Economy' of water (recycle/reuse)
  • Pey Jal Survekshan to foster competition among cities

Probable Questions

AMRUT 2.0 aims to make Indian cities 'Water Secure' through a circular economy approach. Critically examine the role of Urban Local Bodies in achieving this goal.

Hard85%

Mains Answer Fodder

AMRUT 2.0 is a pillar of 'Urban Renaissance' in India. For GS2/GS3, focus on 'Pey Jal Survekshan' (water competition) and 'City Water Balance Plans'. It is a prime example of 'Cooperative Federalism' as it involves a significant state share and local body execution.

Convergence Schemes

  • Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0
  • Smart Cities Mission
  • Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban)
  • PM Gati Shakti

Sector Tags

InfrastructureWaterUrban Development