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MISHTI Mission — Govt Scheme for UPSC | Vaidra
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MISHTI Mission

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate ChangeactiveenvironmentLaunched: 2023-02-01

About the Scheme

MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats and Tangible Incomes) was announced in Union Budget 2023-24 to restore and conserve mangroves along India's coastline. Target: 540 sq km mangrove restoration over 5 years. Budget: ₹900 crore. Convergence of MGNREGA, CAMPA, forest/fishery schemes.

Target Beneficiaries: Coastal communities; fishermen; states with mangrove coastline: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, TN, AP, Odisha, WB, Andaman, Lakshadweep

Implementing Agency: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in collaboration with States/UTs, local communities, and private partners

Official Website →

✦Key Features

  • Target: restore 540 sq km of mangroves over 5 years (Budget 2023-24)
  • Convergence: MGNREGA + CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation) + forest + fishery schemes
  • Focus on 9 coastal states and 4 union territories
  • Mangroves provide: coastal protection, carbon sink, fishery habitat, livelihood support
  • India has 4,975 sq km mangrove cover (FSI 2021) — MISHTI to add 540+ sq km
  • Budget: ₹900 crore; implemented through Forest Department of coastal states

✓Eligibility Criteria

  • Coastal States and Union Territories with identified degraded mangrove areas or potential sites for afforestation
  • Local communities and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) involved in conservation and livelihood activities
  • Projects demonstrating a clear plan for ecological restoration and community engagement

★Benefits

  • Enhanced coastal biodiversity and ecosystem services
  • Increased protection against coastal erosion, cyclones, and tsunamis
  • Creation of sustainable livelihood opportunities for coastal communities through eco-tourism, fisheries, and agroforestry
  • Contribution to climate change mitigation through increased carbon sinks
  • Improved resilience of coastal populations to environmental shocks

▶Application Process

  • States/UTs identify potential sites and prepare detailed project reports (DPRs)
  • DPRs are submitted to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change for appraisal and approval
  • Funds are allocated based on approved projects, often through convergence with MGNREGA and CAMPA
  • Implementation is carried out by state forest departments, local bodies, and community organizations
  • Regular monitoring and evaluation of project progress and outcomes

₹ Budget Allocation

900

Funding Ratio (Centre:State): Shared between Central Government (CAMPA/Budgetary allocation) and State Governments through convergence with MGNREGS.

Exam Relevance

GS Paper: GS3

Prelims Relevance8%
Mains Relevance8%

Syllabus Tags

EnvironmentMangrovesCoastalClimate ChangeGS3

Historical Context

Announced in the Union Budget 2023-24 to commemorate India's G20 Presidency and commitment to environmental stewardship.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Non-coastal states.
  • Inland wetland areas not suitable for mangrove species.

Sub-Schemes

Amrit Dharohar

Focus on sustainable use of wetlands, complementing MISHTI.

Challenges

  • High salinity fluctuations and pollution in estuarine areas affecting sapling growth.
  • Land use conflicts between mangrove restoration and shrimp farming.
  • Inadequate local technical knowledge on species-specific plantation requirements.

Reforms & Recommendations

  • Establishing a 'National Mangrove Genetic Resource Bank'.
  • Developing a protocol for Carbon Credit certification specifically for mangrove ecosystems in India.

Performance Statistics

Metric

75

Source: MoEFCC

Metric

540 sq km

Source: Union Budget

Critical Analysis

MISHTI addresses the critical gap in India's coastal management by focusing on mangroves as 'Bio-shields' against cyclones and sea-level rise. Its uniqueness lies in the 'Tangible Incomes' aspect, linking conservation with eco-tourism and carbon credits, which ensures community participation. However, the survival rate of mangrove saplings in polluted coastal waters and the threat of coastal encroachment for aquaculture remain significant risks. It is a strategic move to leverage India's 7,500 km coastline for 'Blue Carbon' sequestration, aligning with the LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) movement.

SDG Linkages

SDG 13 (Climate Action)SDG 14 (Life Below Water)SDG 15 (Life on Land)

Constitutional Backing

Article 48A (Protection of Environment)Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty to protect environment)

Technology Used

Remote SensingGIS MappingGreen Carbon Tracking

Success Stories

Bhitarkanika Restoration Models

Key Takeaways

  • Target: 540 sq km of mangrove plantation.
  • Coverage: 11 States and 2 Union Territories.
  • Timeline: 5 years starting from 2023-24.
  • Focus on best practices sharing and community involvement.

Probable Questions

Mangroves act as a natural barrier against climate-induced disasters. In this light, examine the objectives and significance of the MISHTI initiative.

EasyHigh

Mains Answer Fodder

Key for answers on: 1. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in coastal states. 2. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation strategies. 3. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) management. 4. Importance of wetlands and Ramsar sites in India.

Convergence Schemes

  • MGNREGS (for labor)
  • CAMPA Fund (for financing)
  • Amrit Dharohar (for wetland conservation)

Sector Tags

EnvironmentCoastal ManagementClimate Change