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Mission Mausam — Govt Scheme for UPSC | Vaidra
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Mission Mausam

Ministry of Earth SciencesactiveScience and TechnologyLaunched: 2024-09-11

About the Scheme

Mission Mausam makes India weather-ready and climate-smart by upgrading weather surveillance, forecasting, and communication. Cabinet approved Sep 11, 2024. Budget: ₹2,000 crore (2024-26). Implementing agencies: IMD, IITM, NCMRWF. Goal: panchayat-level weather forecasts with hourly updates using AI/ML and next-generation Doppler radars. Phase II (2026-31) follows.

Target Beneficiaries: 1.4 billion Indians; agriculture sector; disaster management agencies; defence; aviation; energy industry

Official Website →

✦Key Features

  • Implementing agencies: IMD + IITM Pune + NCMRWF — India's top weather science institutions
  • New Doppler weather radars, Automatic Weather Stations, next-generation weather satellites
  • Hourly forecast updates replacing 3-hour intervals; AI/ML data processing
  • IMD Vision-2047 framework released alongside Mission Mausam
  • Phase I: 2024-26 (₹2,000 crore); Phase II: 2026-31 for higher-resolution forecasting
  • Target: 50% improvement in forecast accuracy by 2026
  • Impact sectors: agriculture, disaster management, defence, aviation, energy, water

✓Eligibility Criteria

  • Implementing agencies under the Ministry of Earth Sciences including IMD, NCMRWF, and IITM.
  • Collaborating academic institutions and research organizations focused on atmospheric and climate sciences.
  • States and Union Territories participating in the implementation of localized weather warning and response systems.

★Benefits

  • Systemic outcomes include a significant increase in the accuracy of weather forecasts and extreme weather event warnings.
  • Enhanced climate resilience for critical sectors such as agriculture, water resources, and disaster management.
  • Strengthened technological sovereignty through the indigenous development of weather surveillance and modeling tools.
  • Improved end-to-end communication of weather information to the last mile via digital platforms and mobile applications.

▶Application Process

  • Nodal agencies submit strategic project proposals to the Ministry of Earth Sciences for budgetary allocation.
  • Technical committees identify sites for the expansion of the observational network including Doppler Weather Radars.
  • High-Performance Computing systems are procured and integrated to enhance numerical weather prediction capabilities.
  • Standard Operating Procedures are established for the dissemination of forecasts to stakeholders and the general public.

₹ Budget Allocation

2000

Funding Ratio (Centre:State): Central Sector Scheme (₹2,000 Crore for two years initially)

Exam Relevance

GS Paper: GS3

Prelims Relevance8%
Mains Relevance8%

Syllabus Tags

Science TechnologyWeatherClimateDisaster ManagementAgricultureGS3

Historical Context

Approved by the Union Cabinet on September 11, 2024, to significantly boost India's weather and climate forecasting capabilities.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Basic academic research without practical application in weather services
  • Space-based weather monitoring managed solely by ISRO (unless in collaboration)

Sub-Schemes

Weather Management Testbed

Establishment of an experimental facility for weather manipulation.

Challenges

  • Integrating localized data from diverse topography (Himalayas vs Coasts)
  • High computational cost of running high-resolution climate models
  • Public trust issues with forecast reliability for small-scale events
  • Need for international cooperation for global weather data sharing

Reforms & Recommendations

  • Develop a 'Hyper-local' alert system in vernacular languages via mobile apps
  • Foster private sector partnerships for 'Weather-as-a-Service' for industries

Performance Statistics

Metric

₹2,000 Crore

Source: Cabinet Briefing

Metric

400%

Source: MoES

Critical Analysis

Mission Mausam is a strategic response to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events (black swan events) caused by climate change. By upgrading from deterministic to probabilistic forecasting and expanding the radar network, it aims to reduce 'last-mile' forecast errors. The focus on 'Weather Modification' (like cloud seeding research) is ambitious but faces ethical and trans-boundary environmental concerns. The mission's success will be measured not just by accuracy but by the effective communication of alerts to the most vulnerable sectors like small-holder farmers and coastal fisherfolk.

SDG Linkages

SDG 13 (Climate Action)SDG 2 (Zero Hunger - via agriculture stability)SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities)

Constitutional Backing

Article 48A (Protection of Environment)Article 51A (g) (Compassion for living creatures and environment)

Technology Used

Doppler Weather Radars (DWR)Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning (AI/ML)High-Performance Computing (Supercomputers)

Success Stories

Cyclone Phailin/Fani Forecasting Improvement

Key Takeaways

  • Deployment of 70-100 additional Doppler Weather Radars
  • Development of an integrated GIS-based automated Decision Support System
  • Research into weather modification technologies like cloud seeding

Probable Questions

With climate change leading to frequent extreme weather events, how will 'Mission Mausam' enhance India's disaster preparedness and agricultural resilience?

Medium85%

Mains Answer Fodder

Keywords: 'Weather-Ready India', 'Nowcasting', 'Earth System Models', 'Hydro-meteorological resilience'. Mention its role in 'Disaster Risk Reduction' (Sendai Framework) and its impact on the 'Blue Economy' and 'Climate-smart Agriculture'.

Convergence Schemes

  • PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
  • PM Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
  • National Disaster Management Plan

Sector Tags

ScienceEnvironmentDisaster ManagementAgriculture