National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)

✦Key Features

• 8 National Missions: Solar, Energy Efficiency, Water, Himalayan Ecosystem, Green India, Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Habitat, Strategic Knowledge
• Mnemonic: Solar Water Himalaya Green Habitat Energy Agriculture Knowledge
• India first country to include Mission LiFE in its NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions)
• Coordinated by PM Council on Climate Change; each mission has nodal ministry
• India's NDC target: 45% reduction in emissions intensity by 2030 (vs 2005); 50% non-fossil electricity by 2030
• NAPCC missions are frequently asked in UPSC Prelims (2014, 2016, 2018, 2022)
• Updated NDCs submitted 2022; India achieved 40% non-fossil electricity target 9 years early

✓Eligibility Criteria

• States and Union Territories are responsible for developing and implementing specific action plans.
• Implementing agencies include Central Ministries such as Environment, New and Renewable Energy, and Agriculture.
• Public and private sector entities involved in energy efficiency, water conservation, and renewable energy.
• Research institutions and academic bodies focused on climate science and adaptation strategies.

★Benefits

• Systemic outcomes include enhanced national energy security through the promotion of solar power and energy efficiency.
• Protection of the Himalayan ecosystem and biodiversity through targeted conservation and reforestation efforts.
• Increased adaptive capacity of the agriculture sector to withstand climate variability and extreme weather events.
• Reduction in carbon intensity of the economy through the adoption of sustainable urban habitat and water management practices.

▶Application Process

• Nodal ministries develop detailed mission-specific implementation strategies based on the eight core missions.
• State governments submit their State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC) to the Central government for approval.
• Projects are scrutinized and approved by the Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change and respective steering committees.
• Funds are disbursed to implementing agencies based on the achievement of specific milestones and performance indicators.

₹ Budget Allocation

30000

Funding Ratio (Centre:State): Mission-specific (varies from 100% Central to 60:40 for specific sub-components)

Historical Context

Launched in 2008 under the UPA government to address growing international pressure before the Copenhagen Summit (2009) and to safeguard India's developmental trajectory.

Sub-Schemes

Challenges

• Inter-ministerial coordination delays
• Inadequate financial devolution to states for SAPCC implementation
• Lack of granular, localized climate data for the Himalayan and Agriculture missions
• Slow technology transfer from developed nations

Reforms & Recommendations

• Creation of a dedicated National Climate Fund with statutory backing
• Legal framework for the National Carbon Market
• Mandatory climate-proofing of all infrastructure projects

Performance Statistics

SDG Linkages

Constitutional Backing

Technology Used

Success Stories

Key Takeaways

• 8 original missions covering Solar, Efficiency, Habitat, Water, Himalayan ecosystem, Green India, Agriculture, and Strategic Knowledge.
• Focus on 'Panchamrit' targets announced at COP26.
• Institutionalized through the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change.

Convergence Schemes

• PM-KUSUM
• FAME-II
• Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
• Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

Sector Tags