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Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya … — Govt Scheme for UPSC | Vaidra
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Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN)

Ministry of Tribal AffairsactiveSocial WelfareLaunched: 2023-11-15

About the Scheme

PM-JANMAN saturates India's 75 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) with housing, water, sanitation, electricity, education, roads, telecom, and healthcare. Budget: ₹24,104 crore (Centre ₹15,336 crore + States ₹8,768 crore) over 3 years. 9 ministries, 11 critical interventions, 28 lakh PVTG households in 18 states + Andaman. Launched Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas, Nov 15, 2023.

Target Beneficiaries: 28 lakh PVTG households; 75 most primitive tribal communities in 18 states + Andaman

Official Website →

✦Key Features

  • 11 critical interventions through 9 ministries: pucca houses, road connectivity, telecom, drinking water, sanitation, education, health, Anganwadi centres, multipurpose centres, electrification, livelihood
  • 75 PVTG communities in 18 states + Andaman & Nicobar Islands; ~28 lakh households
  • Saturation approach: PM-JAY, TB/Sickle Cell elimination, immunisation, PM Poshan, Jan Dhan for all PVTGs
  • Budget: ₹24,104 crore total over 3 years; convergence of Central + State schemes
  • Distinct from PM Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan (broader tribal coverage) — JANMAN targets PVTGs only

✓Eligibility Criteria

  • Households and habitations belonging to 75 identified Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
  • Tribal individuals residing in remote and underserved settlements across 18 States and the Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
  • Families requiring critical interventions in housing, water, and sanitation within notified tribal areas.
  • Implementing agencies including the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and state-level tribal welfare departments.

★Benefits

  • Construction of permanent pucca houses for PVTG households under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin.
  • Provision of safe drinking water through tap connections and solar-powered off-grid electricity systems.
  • Establishment of Van Dhan Vikas Kendras and Multi-Purpose Centres for community skill development and livelihood support.
  • Enhanced road connectivity and mobile medical units to improve accessibility in remote tribal habitations.

▶Application Process

  • Participate in the nationwide saturation camps and baseline surveys conducted by local district authorities.
  • Register individual and household details via the dedicated PM-JANMAN mobile application or portal.
  • Undergo verification of PVTG status and residency by the local Gram Panchayat or Tribal Welfare Department.
  • Submit requirements for specific components like housing or electricity through the local administrative office.

₹ Budget Allocation

24104

Funding Ratio (Centre:State): ₹24,104 crore total: Centre ₹15,336 crore, State ₹8,768 crore.

Exam Relevance

GS Paper: GS2

Prelims Relevance9%
Mains Relevance9%

Syllabus Tags

Tribal AffairsSocial JusticePVTGsWelfare SchemesGS2

Historical Context

Announced on Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas (Nov 15, 2023) from Khunti, Jharkhand, the birthplace of Birsa Munda.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Non-PVTG tribal groups.
  • Households already having pucca houses or full infrastructure under other schemes.

Challenges

  • Difficult terrain making infrastructure construction (roads, towers) costly and slow.
  • Cultural barriers and language gaps in communicating scheme benefits.
  • Lack of official documentation (caste certificates) among PVTG households.

Reforms & Recommendations

  • Mobile 'Van-based' documentation units to issue Aadhaar and Caste certificates on the spot.
  • Recruiting local PVTG youth as 'Janjatiya Mitras' for social auditing.
  • Using decentralized solar units for villages where grid connectivity is impossible.

Performance Statistics

Metric

~28 lakh

Source: Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Metric

₹24,104 crore

Source: Budget 2024

Critical Analysis

PM-JANMAN is the first mission-mode intervention specifically targeting Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), who have historically been the 'last among the last'. Unlike previous schemes that were village-centric, JANMAN is 'household-centric'. The challenge lies in the geographical isolation of these groups; many live in deep forests or hilly terrains where standard PMAY-G or Jal Jeevan Mission norms are difficult to apply. The success of the scheme depends on whether the 9 involved ministries can break their silos and deliver a 'whole-of-government' approach.

SDG Linkages

SDG 1: No PovertySDG 3: Good HealthSDG 6: Clean Water and SanitationSDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

Constitutional Backing

Article 342(1): Power of President to specify STs.Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of STs.Fifth and Sixth Schedules.

Technology Used

PM-Gati Shakti PortalMobile App for household surveyDirect Benefit Transfer (DBT)

Success Stories

Mission Saturation in MP

Key Takeaways

  • Covers 11 critical interventions across 9 ministries.
  • Target: 75 PVTGs in 18 States and 1 UT.
  • Focus on: Housing, Clean Water, Road Connectivity, Mobile Towers, and Healthcare.

Mains Answer Fodder

Vital for GS2 (Tribal Welfare) and GS1 (Social Empowerment). Use it to discuss 'Vulnerable Sections' and 'Inclusive Growth'. Key concept: 'Saturation approach' for the most marginalized. Mention the budget (₹24,104 Cr) to show government commitment.

Convergence Schemes

  • PMAY-Gramin
  • Jal Jeevan Mission
  • PMGSY
  • PM-Jan Arogya Yojana
  • Livelihood Mission (NRLM)

Sector Tags

Tribal WelfareSocial JusticeInfrastructure