Overview
The CAG audit of the GIM reveals that after ten years the programme has achieved only a fraction of its goals. While the mission aimed to improve forest quality on 1.4 million hectares, it succeeded on just 0.11 million hectares and increased forest cover by only four per cent.
Key Developments
- Target for forest‑quality improvement: 1.4 million ha → actual: 0.11 million ha.
- Planned increase in forest cover: 4 % → actual increase: 4 % (barely).
- Convergence with CAMPA and MGNREGS never materialised.
- India’s commitment under the Paris Agreement was tied to GIM’s success.
- 2024 launch of Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam tree‑planting drive reporting 140 crore saplings, but forest data show limited real forest gain.
Important Facts
The ISFR 2023 shows a net increase of 1,445 sq km in green cover, yet only 156 sq km is classified as true forest. The remaining 1,289 sq km is merely tree cover outside recorded forests, indicating that planting trees does not automatically translate into forest restoration.
The Aravalli range, one of the most degraded mountain systems, is slated for a “Green Wall” planting. However, the area suffers from mining scars, invasive species like vilayati kikar, and chronic encroachment. Planting alone cannot reverse these deep‑seated ecological damages.
Exam Relevance
Understanding the gap between policy intent and implementation is crucial for GS III (Environment, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development). The audit highlights challenges in inter‑agency coordination, fund utilisation, and monitoring—topics that frequently appear in essay and answer‑writing questions. The role of bodies like NAPCC and the audit function of the CAG are also relevant for GS III and GS IV (Governance and Accountability).
Way Forward
- Strengthen convergence mechanisms between CAMPA, MGNREGS, and GIM to ensure funds reach on‑ground restoration.
- Shift focus from mere tree‑planting to ecosystem‑based restoration: control invasive species, rehabilitate mined lands, and involve local communities.
- Improve monitoring by integrating remote‑sensing data with ground‑level assessments to capture true forest health.
- Align future targets with realistic timelines and clear accountability to meet international commitments under the Paris Agreement.
Addressing these gaps will help India meet its climate pledges and protect biodiversity, a core concern for UPSC aspirants.