Researchers from V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi examined beach‑sediment samples from 15 sites along the Chennai coast. Although the overall count of microplastics was modest, the dominance of nylon fibres raises serious ecological concerns. Key Developments Study period: 2026; 15 sampling points across Chennai’s shoreline. > Fibres constituted the majority of particles, with >90% smaller than 1000 µm. Risk assessment emphasized polymer type, shape, and ageing over mere abundance. Identified sources: fishing nets/ropes, synthetic‑clothing wash‑out, tourism, sewage, and storm‑water runoff. Potential human exposure through contaminated seafood, leading to inflammatory and hormonal effects. Important Facts • Benthic habitats can be altered by fibre‑shaped plastics, affecting sediment structure and microbial communities. • Hazardous polymers such as nylon persist longer, carry chemical additives, and adsorb other pollutants, amplifying toxicity. • Similar fibre‑dominant patterns have been reported from Goa (July 2025) and Kerala’s Malabar coast (June 2024), underscoring a broader Indian coastal issue. UPSC Relevance Understanding the shift from quantity‑based to risk‑based pollution risk assessment is vital for GS‑4 questions on marine ecology, waste management, and sustainable development. The study illustrates how urbanisation‑driven plastic waste can affect marine food chains , linking environmental health to public health, a recurring theme in ethics and governance topics. Way Forward Implement stricter solid waste management and promote recycling of fishing gear. Encourage adoption of biodegradable alternatives for textiles and packaging. Raise public awareness about microplastic pathways from land to sea. Develop coastal monitoring frameworks that prioritize polymer type and particle morphology. Coordinate inter‑state policies, as microplastic transport is trans‑boundary. Early intervention in Chennai can serve as a model for other rapidly urbanising Indian coasts, preventing escalation of ecological damage and safeguarding public health.