Overview The Civil Aviation Ministry , in coordination with the Air Traffic Control (ATC) and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) , is closely monitoring the impact of ash plumes resulting from the Hayli Gubbi volcanic eruption in Ethiopia on flight operations. This monitoring is crucial to ensure the safety and efficiency of air travel in and around India. Key Developments Flight Disruptions: Several flights have been cancelled and many have been delayed due to the presence of volcanic ash plumes in the airspace. Air India Cancellations: Air India announced the cancellation of 13 flights , including some international services, effective Monday, November 21, 2025 . This was due to aircraft undergoing checks after flying through affected regions. IMD Forecast: On Tuesday, November 25, 2025 , the IMD reported that the ash clouds are drifting towards China and are expected to move away from India by 7:30 p.m. on the same day. Affected Regions: Forecast models indicated that the ash influence would be felt over Gujarat, Delhi-NCR, Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana on Tuesday, November 25, 2025 . NOTAM Issuance: The Airports Authority of India (AAI) has issued the necessary NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) to keep all affected flights informed about the situation. Government Response The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) has stated that there is no immediate cause for concern and that the situation is being closely monitored. They are ensuring seamless coordination with ATC , IMD , airlines, and international aviation agencies. The ministry emphasized that operations across India remain smooth, with only a few flights being rerouted or descended as a precautionary measure. Impact of Volcanic Ash on Aviation Volcanic ash poses a significant threat to aviation safety. The fine particles can cause: Engine damage: Ash can melt inside jet engines, forming a glass-like coating that disrupts airflow and can lead to engine failure. Reduced visibility: Ash clouds can significantly reduce visibility, making it difficult for pilots to navigate. Damage to aircraft surfaces: Ash can abrade aircraft surfaces, including windshields and leading edges of wings. UPSC Relevance This event highlights the importance of: Disaster Management (GS3): The need for effective monitoring and response mechanisms to natural disasters. Infrastructure (GS3): The vulnerability of critical infrastructure like aviation to natural hazards. Geography (GS1): Understanding the distribution and impact of volcanic activity. International Relations: The necessity for international cooperation in managing transboundary environmental risks. Important Facts Hayli Gubbi: A volcano located in Ethiopia. NOTAM: A notice containing information essential to personnel concerned with flight operations. IMD: The primary agency responsible for meteorological observations and weather forecasting in India. AAI: Responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.